Excerpts

SOD and POD also demonstrated extremely significant correlations.Notably, POD showed a highly significant positive correlation with soluble sugars during the seedling stage, whereas no significant positive correlation existed between POD and soluble sugars during germination.

In this study, soluble sugar and NSCs content showed a decreasing trend under T7 treatment compared to the control group, while starch content and the soluble sugar/starch ratio remained unchanged, indicating that mild low temperatures have limited inhibitory effects on carbon assimilation.

lagopus seedling leaves showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with decreasing temperature ( Figures 1A, C ).

These factors hinder the establishment of stable, resource-complementary, or mutually beneficial relationships, leading to highly significant negative correlations between some species pairs in these layers, while most positive correlations remained non-significant.

However, after applying N2 or N3 level of urea, the enzyme activities showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of irrigation volume.

Meanwhile, excessive nitrogen application increases the risk of soil degradation, inhibits soil enzyme activities, and leads to a decreasing trend in organic matter content.

The average daily temperature during the 2024 and 2025 growth seasons generally showed an increasing trend followed by a decreasing one.

odorifera typically begins at 6–7 years of age, with heartwood diameter, heartwood area percentage, and heartwood-to-diameter ratio showing a highly significant positive correlation with tree age ( Chen et al., 2016 ).

Effect of FA-contamination on the shoot biomass yield The analysis of variance for the shoot weights of the plants showed a highly significant difference across species, treatments, and their interaction, as shown in Table 3 .

3 Result 3.1 Temporal trends in environmental factors A significant increasing trend in atmospheric CO 2 and a decreasing trend in stable carbon isotopic values of air were observed during 1980–2015.

3.2 Soil NO 3 − –N The soil NO 3 − –N significantly increased after N application and showed a decreasing trend with the N reduction in 0–40-cm soil ( Figure 4 ).

As a result, 33 out of the 1,052 DEMs were significantly different among the six groups of DEMs, and 25 DEMs showed a clear trend of gradient accumulation ( Figure 5D ; Supplementary Table S3 ).

Specifically, as succession progressed, the LA showed an overall increasing trend, while the LDMC exhibited a decreasing trend.

The LC, LN, LP showed an overall trend of first decreasing and then increasing.

In contrast, cluster 6 showed a trend of “increase from 0d to 7d and decrease from 7d to 28d”, reflecting a dynamic balance between metabolic activation in the early cultivation stage and metabolic inhibition in the later stage.

In-depth analysis based on the culture time-dependent variation data of secondary metabolites presented in Table 6 revealed that sesquiterpenoids (including those with agarwood-characteristic skeletons) exhibited an overall trend of “increase–decrease–recovery”.

STS application caused a highly significant increase in tuber amylose content, reaching a mean of approximately 32%, which was substantially higher than all other treatments.

In the phenotypic analyses of WT and idd9 ( Figure 4A ), WT has about four CRs (WT: 3.9 ± 0.34), the number of CRs in the idd9 showed an increasing trend, with idd9–1 having about six CRs ( idd9-1 : 5.8 ± 0.37) and idd9–2 having about seven ( idd9-2 : 6.2 ± 0.40).

Among the findings, fruit longitudinal diameters showed a highly significant positive correlation with fruit transverse diameters and fruit index, and a highly significant negative correlation with flesh firmness.

Both fresh and dry weights of roots, stems, and leaves decrease exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing Cd concentration (Cd0 > Cd4 > Cd20).

Dry matter weight With a reduction in N application rate, the DMW at different growth stages and phases showed a trend of N100>N80>N60 ( Tables 3 , 4 ).

Differential mechanisms of susceptible and resistant tomatoes in response to RKN In the interaction between resistant tomatoes and RKN, three cellular components showed an overall trend of up-regulation.

Furthermore, an increasing trend was observed in hypocotyls and leaves in response to both stresses.

Notably, under WNM, the LJ419 cultivar, which achieved the greatest yield increase in this study, displayed a highly significant negative correlation between yield and the number of dropped panicles.

Varietal effects were also significant or highly significant for multiple key traits, including fruit length, weight per fruit, length of fruit end, fruit diameter, vitamin C content and so on, demonstrating the presence of exploitable genetic variation within the population and providing a solid basis for improving yield, quality, and nutritional value.