Excerpts

In normal year, although crop rotation did not increase wheat yield, it showed an increasing trend ( Figure 4 ), which was mainly due to increased DMpa to a certain extent ( Table 2 ).

Cluster 2 showed a trend opposite to that of cluster 1, with genes from this cluster displaying increased expression at 6 hpi, followed by a return to baseline at 12 hpi.

Results Optimal MT Concentration for Priming The priming effect showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase in MT concentration.

By analyzing the temporal changes in the number of genes of different metabolic pathways in KEGG, we found that the number of genes in circadian rhythm genes showed a trend of increase and then decrease in the three groups of CK-5d vs.

In the current study, an increasing trend in SDW was observed with the increasing S level.

Phenotypic analysis revealed highly significant differences among the reactions of 145 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) to SCN4.

Activity of D-Cysteine Desulfhydrase and L-Cysteine Desulfhydrase Enzymes The activity of DCD and LCD revealed an increasing trend in untreated and hydrogen sulfide-fumigated banana fruits from days 2 to 10 of the cold storage ( Figures 3B,C ).

The difference of selenium concentration of 0.5 and 1 mg/L was significant compared to CK and 0.2 mg/L, and the difference was extremely significant compared with the other five high concentration treatments ( Figure 6 ).

When the effect of groundwater level storage treatment without any salinity (W 0 S 0 , W 1 S 0 , and W 2 S 0 ) was analyzed, a clear trend in GI and VI was observed: dry storage (95.9% ± 3.6 and 85.9% ± 4.7%, respectively) > high groundwater level storage (49.3% ± 9.9 and 51.9% ± 7.1%) > low groundwater level storage (30.1% ± 9.3 and 35.7% ± 5.4%) ( Figure 4 ).

We also measured the mineral nutrients, and their concentration did not show a clear trend.

In this experiment, with drought increases, the REL of the leaves showed an increasing trend, reaching a peak at 38.23% in T2 ( Figure 1C ).

Because the Giza179 × Sakha107 cross showed highly significant desirable SCA effects for all the studied traits under normal and water stress conditions, they could be recommended for use in rice hybrid breeding programs.

For all the traits tested, the results of combining ability showed that both GCA and SCA mean squares were extremely significant.

To exclude the effect of LD, significant GBS-SNPs overlapping with each other were merged within the 5 Mb genomic window, and highly significant GBS-SNP [i.e., SNP with largest –log 10 (P GC )] within one region was used to declare as representative.

A slightly significant increase was observed from the old MGs to the new MGs.

The chlorophyll contents of wheat infected by powdery mildew decreases significantly, with a highly significant correlation between chlorophyll content and disease index ( Cao et al., 2009 ).

All of the 10 detected amino acids showed a trend of increase, especially asparagine ( Supplementary Table 2 ).

** p < 0.1 indicates extremely significant differences.

Therefore, it is highly significant to study the cold tolerance genes for the genetic improvement of crops.

The third type metacaspase identified in this study also showed a trend of reduced phosphorylation level in absence of Rn1 protein.

In the other tested organs of “Ninghaibai”, the H 2 O 2 level presented an increasing trend under cold stress ( Figure 3D ).

Values of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 were considered to be the significant differences and extremely significant differences, respectively.

In parallel, the flat-type group had an LN significantly higher than the non-flat-type cluster ( Figure 3E ); in fact, the highest LN values of the population were found for the unnamed accession ARD (12.0) and for the named landrace SPA9 (10.5), whereas the non-flat-type group showed a trend with a higher PI (range for the entire collection, 0.07–0.19) and FF (range for the entire collection, 28.78–89.42), especially for the MIN and FIA genotypes that resulted in those with significantly higher values for these traits in comparison with the other named varieties ( Figures 3F,G ).

The G × E interaction estimated by ANOVA was highly significant for all traits ( Table 1 ).

The significance level, α = 0.01, was used for the highly significant effect while α = 0.05 was used for the significant effect among genotypes.