Excerpts

fuana showed a positive trend with altitude.

With the increase in population numbers, both the mean value and median value of K showed a trend of rising first and then falling; the maximum K value occurred when the population numbers equaled 10.

The Chl a/b presented an interesting trend as it was not remarkably modified after both stress levels.

The EO% of MS75 and SS50 plants showed non-significant results in the first season and slightly significant results in the second season with 34 and 22% of EO.

Notably, the experimental results also showed that biochar application significantly reduced the MBC content and showed a decreasing trend with increasing soil depth, which may be related to the higher rate of microbial N fixation than total N mineralization ( Mcclellan et al., 2010 ; Dempster et al., 2011 ). 4.2 Effects of biochar on the diversity of soil fungal community structure Soil microorganisms drive the material cycle in the soil, and the composition and structure of soil microbial communities have a strong influence on soil material cycling due to differences in their physiological characteristics ( Ali et al., 2022b ).

By contrast, both NPFP and aNUE showed a decreasing trend with an increase in N levels, with the former showing a steeper decline.

The yield parameter showed an increasing trend with the increase in N levels and varied significantly under N0 and other N treatments.

Spatially, from the lowest altitude a to the highest altitude d, both RTD and RLD showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing, and within the soil, there was a clear difference between the two root density indicators.

The alpine meadow also shows a clear trend of degradation ( Ma et al., 2017 ) due to its extremely fragile ecosystem ( Jin et al., 2019 ).

In terms of up-regulated genes, with the increase in processing time, the number of up-regulated genes among samples showed an increasing trend; group CK-vs-T 24 showed the highest (19408) number of up-regulated genes ( Figure 5 ).

However, the CAT content in maize ( Zea mays ) first showed a trend of decreasing ( Table 3 ), then increasing and then decreasing with chromium treatment concentration which may be due to the iron porphyrin contained in the CAT structure, and the interaction between chromium and iron in the metabolic pool resulting a reduction in its activity.

When mustard ( Brassica juncea ) was treated with different concentrations of chromium, it was found that the activities of SOD, CAT, and APX in roots and leaves first increased and later decreased (Pandey et al., 2005 ; Hübner et al., 2010 ), while glutathione transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) showed an increasing trend.

All three nutrient concentrations also showed an increasing trend (17%, 22% and 25% respectively) in shoot biomass in phosphite treated plants compared to control treated plants.

(2015) also reported a highly significant correlation (r = 0.71) between FER and GER resistances.

ANOVA for single environments showed in all years of the survey a highly significant effect of genotype on the production of male cones at both sites ( Table 1 ).

We found there was extremely significant difference of GP between control and days 3 through 7 of treatment ( Figure S2 ).

As shown in Table 4 , the average speeds of the top, middle and bottom layers inside canopies were 3.22 m/s, 0.51 m/s and 0.10 m/s, respectively, with a decreasing trend from top to bottom.

With the increase of X 3 and X 4 , both R C and R L showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, as shown in Figures 7C, D , With the increase of X 5 , both R C and R L showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, as shown in Figure 7E .

Results Genetic variation of agronomic and seed quality traits The results of ANOVA revealed highly significant variations for agro-morphological traits and seed quality characters among the 144 flax genotypes ( Table 2 ).

Under three phosphorus treatments (CK, MP, and LP), the correlation coefficient of chlorophyll content at each stage showed a decreasing trend with the development process ( Tables S3–S5 ).

Generally, the sensor showed an increasing trend for each movement speed detection with decreasing wheat density.

This means that there may be significant drought response differences even in the small-scale terrain, and the amount of difference in resilience-related indicators (recovery, resistance, or resilience) cannot be estimated only by the elevation difference.

In urdbean plants grown under growth chamber condition, subjected to heat stress, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (an indicator of oxidative stress) showed highly significant negative correlation with all the physiological traits viz., chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal conductance, relative water content, leaf area, pollen germination % and pollen viability % and yield traits viz. pods plant -1 , seed yield plant -1 ( Table 2 ).

This gene in BT was not in the MI or MD expression groups and its expression did not show a clear trend in either year by real-time PCR.

Compared with the strength trait, the correlation between LI and plant height trait was highly significant.