Excerpts

The sensitivity of PSI to TYMV was observed as a decreasing trend in quantum yield of electron transport toward PSI acceptors in Zn treatments, while again Cd toxicity itself induced disturbed electron flow to PSI that masked the virus effect.

The difference between stalk height and leaf width were highly significant.

The distance from the glacial refugium had the strongest effect on pollinator-perceived petal color, but there was also a modest and near-significant influence of small bee visitation rate.

Moreover, we found no significant growth reduction during drought in the rainy site and a slightly significant growth reduction at the mesic site for both saplings and adults.

In our study, the mildew resistance locus 12 gene ( MLO12 ) had one associated transcript with complete downregulation in all treatments ( Figure 5C ), and a second transcript slightly upregulated at 7 dai in both genotypes ( Supplementary Figure S3A ), while a transcript matching MLO2 showed a trend similar to the second MLO12 transcript.

While our results indicated regulation of transcripts corresponding to these genes, their transcriptional levels did not produce a clear trend for either host genotype or time-point ( Supplementary Figure S3C and Supplementary Table S4 ).

ANOVA on the normalized starch yield of the subpopulations ( Table 3 ) indicated significant G and G×E effects for the big-bag trials and weakly significant G and G×E effects for the field trials.

Size distribution was similar in all subpopulations with a slight trend towards less oversized and a higher number of small tubers in MP t .

Nevertheless, there was no significant change in ABA level between light and darkness in high RH for any of the light treatments, except a slight trend of higher ABA level during the night under LED.

The spearman correlation coefficients between leaf traits of RILs were analyzed by SPSS, and the result indicated that the leaf length versus leaf length and leaf width versus leaf width all exhibted extremely significant positive correlations in both areas, suggesting the correlation traits may be affected by the same gene or have a linkage effect ( Table 3 ).

In contrast, these have only weakly significant effects on the patterns of sexual systems of herbaceous species.

(2015) who also observed an increasing trend of PSNA with greater N application.

Correlation analysis showed an extremely significant correlation between the expressions of MhPAL , MhCHS , MhCHI , MhDFR , MhANS , MhMYB10 , and TA contents in all three Malus spp.

The expression levels of two MhGST genes (HF07438 and HF32109) were very high and the differences at different stages were highly significant.

A moderate but highly significant correlation between inhibition of hyaluronidase enzyme and neolignans erythro-guaiacylglycerol- β -coniferyl alcohol ether glucoside and dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-4- β -D-glucoside (isomer 1) and lignan epipinoresinol was measured.

GWA identified three highly significant novel loci on chromosomes 14 ( Rpv29 ), 3 ( Rpv30 ) and 16 ( Rpv31 ) associated with a low level of pathogen sporulation.

However, 8 days post-inoculation, all transcripts tested showed a trend of lower levels in the lox3 mutant plants.

This deviation was always more pronounced for G-BLUP than for weighted G-BLUP, with a decreasing trend in slope with increasing steps of weighting.

Although there was a clear trend of decreasing fruit yield with exposure to moderate salinity (50 mM NaCl), especially in “MM” and “MA,” there were no significant differences in yield between the control and salt conditions in any genotype. “MA” had the highest fruit yield because it had the highest fruit weight, which was only significantly affected by salinity at the third truss.

Conclusion for Hypothesis 3 Based on the available evidence the results do not indicate that the occurrence of off-target effects shows an obvious trend in relation to the GC-content of the protospacer sequence.

Phenotypic Variation in Common Garden Overall phenotypic differentiation between plants originating from alpine and foothill environment remained highly significant even under two generations of cultivation in a common garden (a subset of 16 populations from four regions; Table 1 , Figures 2E,F ).

Plants tested 24 h after the last COS-OGA elicitation showed a highly significant increase in peroxidase activity (up to 320%) as compared to controls ( Figure 7 ).

The light compensation point (Ic) showed a decreasing trend with the nutrient enrichment, reaching, however, a plateau at NL4 with no significantly different value at NL5.

Overall, DAS affects a small number of genes in the two genotypes under drought stress but alters the abundance of the gene transcripts in a highly significant manner and it remains to be determined the importance of such changes.

We observed a positive trend of the far-red light treatment on the capacity for CO 2 fixation per unit leaf area ( Figure 2 ), although none of the parameters of the photosynthesis response curves that were fitted were significantly different.