Through principal component analysis (PCA) ( Figure 2A ), the samples exhibited a clear trend of intergroup separation in the PCA space, indicating that the rootstock grafting treatment had a significant impact on melon gene expression.
According to the threshold defined in Section 2.5, this result is considered marginally significant, indicating a statistical trend rather than a significant difference at α = 0.05.
Discussion Our results suggest a numerical trend toward higher rubber yield and stability in the rainy season, which may be partly attributed to elevated precipitation and temperature.
Correlation analysis As shown in Figure 6 , cotton yield exhibited highly significant positive correlations with the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and stomatal conductance (Gs).
For Ci, monocropping treatments showed an increasing trend with planting density, particularly in 2025.
The application of organic fertilizer enhanced soybean yield and exerted a highly significant positive influence on soil ions and the SQI, while concurrently inducing a highly significant negative effect on pH, EC, and soil alkalization parameters ( Figure 9C ).
This study found that compared with the control (CK), the HCO 3 - content and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) in the 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm soil layers were significantly reduced under organic fertilizer (T3) treatment, while they showed an increasing trend in the 20–30 cm soil layer.
According to the “Fourth National Climate Change Assessment Report,” data indicate that China’s warming accelerated to 0.27 °C per decade from 1960 to 2019, accompanied by an increasing trend in precipitation.
Mean performance of genotypes under stripe rust epiphytotic and disease-controlled condition The physiological traits (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), chlorophyll content, canopy temperature, flag leaf area) as effected under artificial epiphytotic disease condition compared with disease-controlled condition showed a general trend of decline for NDVI, chlorophyll content, flag leaf area, TGW and yield, while canopy temperature and AUDPC exhibited an increasing trend with disease progression.
Results Analysis of variance and components of genetic variation The results of the analysis of variance ( Tables 6 , 7 ) for 21 wheat genotypes, comprising 13 advanced breeding lines and 8 parental genotypes, revealed highly significant mean sum of squares (MSS) for treatments under both artificial epiphytotic and disease-controlled conditions for all traits, except canopy temperature before disease onset, which was significant at the 5% level.
The protein-to-starch ratio showed an increasing trend from mealy to glassy kernels, but differences among classes were not statistically significant ( Figure 6C ; p = 0.097, η 2 = 0.17).
During the growth of yam, the total chlorophyll content in the leaves showed a significant increase, followed by a decreasing trend ( Supplementary Figure 1 ).
The results show that the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents, as well as dry matter accumulation in tobacco plants, exhibit significant or highly significant positive correlations with SOM, TN, AN, AP, and AK.
In Radal, during S1, the incidence did not show a clear trend among the phenological stages evaluated.
In Radal, during S2, PPO activity showed an increasing trend towards harvest ( Figure 7B ).
In the TDG kernel, during S1, in both locations, PPO activity showed a decreasing trend as ripening progressed.
POD activity in the shell increased from BBCH 721 to BBCH 85, consistent with its stimulation under stress ( Wang et al., 2024 ), while in the kernel it did not show a definite trend, suggesting regulation dependent on the interaction between phenology and local climatic conditions ( Lu et al., 2025 ).
With the increase in row width, AYL ginger and AYL total showed a decreasing trend, while AYL maize showed an increasing trend.
With the increase in row width, LER g , LER m , and LER t all showed a decreasing trend, resulting in a significant reduction in land use efficiency and yield advantage.
Root volume reached its peak at 5 μM and then showed a decreasing trend with increasing IAA concentrations.
Analysis of variance further confirmed that the application ratio had significant or highly significant effects on key dry matter translocation indicators.
From V3 stage to R6 stage, the ratio of leaf distribution was gradually decreasing; the ratio of spike distribution was gradually increasing, and reaching its maximum at R6 stage; while the ratio of stem distribution showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, with the highest ratio observed during the VT stage ( Supplementary Figure 2 ).
Although our evaluation of Chao1, Shannon, Pielou’s evenness, and phylogenetic diversity indexes revealed no significant differences in local α-diversity between the two microhabitats, our β-diversity profiling via PCoA and PERMANOVA demonstrated a highly significant, directional turnover based on Bray–Curtis distances.
angustifolia was relatively high, although the total suitable habitat area showed a decreasing trend.
angustifolia , with an overall trend of substantial suppression.