Excerpts

N and P contents of soybean plants had a decreasing trend, whereas those of maize plants showed an increasing trend from monoculture to intercropping.

Highly significant differences in GL were detected between different haplotypes at five candidate genes ( Os03g0392000, Os03g0392250, Os03g0392300, Os03g0392400 , and Os03g0392600 ), and in all the five cases, significantly reduced GL was associated with the minor allele(s) (Figure 3A and Supplementary Table S2 ), as originally detected in the peak SNP (Table 2 ).

Because the DkPK7 and DkPK8 expression pattern, which exhibited an increasing trend during the last developmental stage and reached the highest level at 25 WAF, correlated with the PA content at the same developmental stage, we chose DkPK7 and DkPK8 as candidates for further analysis of their role in natural deastringency in C-PCNA persimmon.

DkPK10 , DkPK12 , and DkPK14 expression in the C-PCNA type showed a decreasing trend during the last stage, while the RNA transcripts of DkPK10 and DkPK12 in J-PCNA persimmon were relatively stable.

It is worth noting that DkPK7 expression showed a trend that was similar to the changes in insoluble PAs in the C-PCNA type throughout development, with the transcript level decreasing rapidly from 2.5 to 10 WAF and then increasing gradually until the last stage.

angiosperm trees arbuscular mycorrhiza ectomycorrhiza fine root traits gymnosperm trees precision foraging root economics spectrum root order Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 10.13039/501100001659 ME 4156/2-1 Georg-August-Universität Göttingen 10.13039/501100003385 Phylogenetic Signal in Root and Leaf Traits In a comparison of the two investigated phylogenetic groups (gymnosperms and angiosperms) it appears that there was a highly significant influence by phylogenetic group affiliation on the mean root diameters of all roots and on the root tissue densities of lower order roots: gymnosperms had a higher mean root diameter 1-5 (0.53 vs. 0.39 mm) and a higher root tissue density 1+2 (0.24 vs. 0.15–0.18 g cm -3 ) than angiosperm tree species ( Table 1 ).

Fixed effects Location (Loc) and sampling date per location [HD(Loc)] showed highly significant impacts on all traits analyzed (Table 4 ).

In Niger, there was a clear trend of increasing pod yield with increasing densities, although the effect differed between genotypes.

We also calculated the K + /Na + ratios, and found that salinity caused a decreasing trend of the ratios in both phyllodes and roots with progressive increase of salinity levels.

P < 0.01 was considered highly significant.

An interesting trend observed was the highest expression of PSI gene at 0.5 g/L TiO 2 NPs.

This faster downregulation of PYL4 is particularly marked in Ortrugo cultivar, in which the highly significant increase in ripening parameters in both years suggests that the ripening process in this cultivar started much earlier than in the other cultivars in the berries after treatment.

In fact, after removing that population from analyses, the relationships between SLA, leaf thickness and N mass became significant or marginally significant and similar to the patterns observed in the greenhouse (Figure 4 ).

In this particular experiment, the bacterial titer in low CO 2 -grown plants showed a trend of reduced amounts compared to ambient-grown plants; in other experiments the difference between the two treatments was often found to be statistically significant ( Figures 3D,E , 5B and Supplementary Figure S2 ).

Unsurprisingly, most of the metabolites with no correlation showed an inconsistent profile among seasons (e.g., free OxA and citronellol, bound α-terpineol) or a decreasing trend along berry ripening (e.g., free HO-diendiol I + HO-trienol and bound OxB).

In conclusion, in the present study, we identified 42 SNP markers highly significant associated with salt-tolerance traits.

In case of phosphorylated metabolites there was an increasing trend in the concentration of fructose-6- phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate and myo-inositol-phosphate to 3.9-, 3.3-, and 1.9-folds, respectively.

Grouping according to WUEc and the instantaneous values of CWSI R resulted in highly significant differences for fruit size and dry matter.

The results indicated that there was an increasing trend in O 2 – accumulation with prolonged PSD.

Nonetheless, an obvious trend was observed that most of these ribosomal protein species (32/40, 80%) suffered a decrease in abundance from 100 to 200 mM NaCl treatment.

The expression of these genes in the RIT of ‘Royalty’ showed a slight decrease and then increased with rust development, whereas their expression levels followed an increasing trend in ‘Flame.’ The expression of McNCED, McACS , and McLOX in the NIT and CK showed a significant increase with the expansion of spots in the two cultivars.

Highly significant correlation ( r = 0.63–0.85) for MDS were also observed in the Avocet × Quaiu#3 population across environments.

Additionally, total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in both control and NAg treated flowers showed a trend similar to the trend exhibited by activities of DPPH and ABTS in these flowers ( Figures 7C,D ).

Statistical GWAS analysis resulted in several highly significant associations, but despite some good correlation between the fresh weight and root architecture data, none of the positive SNPs were found with multiple phenotypes.

There is nowadays a positive trend in biology to develop predictive models of the system under study, with some disciplines at a more advanced stage than others in the integration of theory and experiments.