Excerpts

Aboveground biomass showed a decreasing trend along the chronosequence of mugwort cropping ( Table 2 ).

NH 4 + , TN, TP, AG, BG, and SOC showed a trend of first increase and then decrease along the chronosequence (Y0-Y20, Figures 1A, D, E, G, H , 2A, B ).

The differences in Cd concentration between different tissues under the same Cd treatment or in the same tissue under different treatments reached extremely significant levels.

pseudoacacia showed a decreasing trend in Rc.

variabilis , a higher percentage of consumption of stored nonstructural carbohydrates during drought events resulted in a positive trend in Rt-iWUEr (higher S Rt-iWUEr ), further limiting the ability of trees to recover following drought occurrences ( Galiano et al., 2012 ; Rosas et al., 2013 ).

variabilis showed an increasing trend in Rt, and R. pseudoacacia showed a decreasing trend in Rc.

With the time course of different treatments, the ratios of DEGs from DAS genes showed an increasing trend under dehydration and low temperature, ranging from 33% to 67% and from 35% to 61%, respectively, while it showed an opposite trend under NaCl treatment, with the ratio of 62% to 39% ( Supplementary Figure 5 ).

Correlation analysis showed that with the increase of nitrogen, the number of Asian corn borers also showed a decreasing trend, which was similar to the results of previous studies ( Klostermeyer, 1950 ).

The expression profiles of FIB genes did not follow a definite trend, but in general, their levels of expression were down-regulated along maturation.

The EO% of MS75 and SS50 plants showed non-significant results in the first season and slightly significant results in the second season with 34 and 22% of EO.

Notably, the experimental results also showed that biochar application significantly reduced the MBC content and showed a decreasing trend with increasing soil depth, which may be related to the higher rate of microbial N fixation than total N mineralization ( Mcclellan et al., 2010 ; Dempster et al., 2011 ). 4.2 Effects of biochar on the diversity of soil fungal community structure Soil microorganisms drive the material cycle in the soil, and the composition and structure of soil microbial communities have a strong influence on soil material cycling due to differences in their physiological characteristics ( Ali et al., 2022b ).

By contrast, both NPFP and aNUE showed a decreasing trend with an increase in N levels, with the former showing a steeper decline.

The yield parameter showed an increasing trend with the increase in N levels and varied significantly under N0 and other N treatments.

Spatially, from the lowest altitude a to the highest altitude d, both RTD and RLD showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing, and within the soil, there was a clear difference between the two root density indicators.

The alpine meadow also shows a clear trend of degradation ( Ma et al., 2017 ) due to its extremely fragile ecosystem ( Jin et al., 2019 ).

In terms of up-regulated genes, with the increase in processing time, the number of up-regulated genes among samples showed an increasing trend; group CK-vs-T 24 showed the highest (19408) number of up-regulated genes ( Figure 5 ).

However, the CAT content in maize ( Zea mays ) first showed a trend of decreasing ( Table 3 ), then increasing and then decreasing with chromium treatment concentration which may be due to the iron porphyrin contained in the CAT structure, and the interaction between chromium and iron in the metabolic pool resulting a reduction in its activity.

When mustard ( Brassica juncea ) was treated with different concentrations of chromium, it was found that the activities of SOD, CAT, and APX in roots and leaves first increased and later decreased (Pandey et al., 2005 ; Hübner et al., 2010 ), while glutathione transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) showed an increasing trend.

All three nutrient concentrations also showed an increasing trend (17%, 22% and 25% respectively) in shoot biomass in phosphite treated plants compared to control treated plants.

(2015) also reported a highly significant correlation (r = 0.71) between FER and GER resistances.

Results Effect of SA treatment on fruit quality The weight loss of fruit showed an increasing trend during cold storage.

VcACL expression in control showed a decreasing trend at the early stage (before 12 days) and remain stableto 24 d ( Figure 4E ).

Significant or extremely significant correlations existed among the five fiber quality traits, especially fiber length, strength, uniformity and elongation all being significantly negative correlated with micronaire.

During the three stages of fruit growth, namely the core-hardening stage (S1), color-transformation stage (S2) and mature stage (S3), the contents of chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b) and total chlorophyll in parental, BF1 and HF1 fruits exhibited a decreasing trend with fruit ripening ( Figures 2A–C ).

The anthocyanin content of the female parent WP-1 showed an increasing trend with fruit growth, while that of the male parent XC showed a first decreasing and then increasing trend.