Excerpts

3.2 Effects of NAA on physiological characteristics in leaves of foxtail millet The SOD activity in both millet varieties showed a trend in which it increased initially and then decreased with increasing concentrations of exogenous NAA, with a peak at 36 mg L -1 ( Figure 1A ).

3.6 Correlation between photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield in foxtail millet As shown in Table 5 , Pn showed a highly significant positive correlation with chlorophyll content and Tr, and a significant positive correlation with Gs, Y(II), and ETR, further indicating that the enhancement of Pn by NAA is related to the improvement of both stomatal and non-stomatal factors, which in turn was closely related to the enhancement of PSII electron transfer efficiency.

With the increase of soil moisture, the GA content showed a trend of a significant increase at first and then a slight decline ( Figure 6C ).

In the GWAS for heading date (density histograms for observed phenotypic data are presented in Supplementary Figure 1 ), sixteen highly significant marker-trait associations were identified by GAPIT (seven by FarmCPU and nine by BLINK model).

For parents and hybrids, grain Fe concentration displayed a low to moderately significant and negative correlation with flowering time, plant height, and panicle length.

As the primary part of the global carbon cycle, forests are highly significant at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and thus, mitigating climate warming ( Le Toan et al., 2011 ; Stephenson et al, 2014 ; Dai et al., 2021 ).

Comparison of population fitted values within each pool showed an overall trend for SSS to increase by selection cycle for high WSC selections and, conversely, decrease by selection cycle for low WSC selections ( Table 1 ).

In this study, substances in the TCA cycle showed a general increasing trend under drought conditions, whereas fumarate, and malate showed a decreasing trend.

PD (P=0.121) and KD (P=0.078) showed an increasing trend in chlorophyll content, but there was no significant difference.

The differential expression of other DEGs showed an increasing trend with the increasing submergence time.

Under Si application conditions, the Cd content of brown rice in YXYLS showed a decreasing trend, so YXYLS was also classified as a Si-inhibited variety.

YHSM only shows an increasing trend in the root-stem transport coefficient after Si spraying, but the stem-panicle, leaf-panicle, panicle-glume, and panicle-grain transport coefficients are decreased.

The taxonomic diversity strongly responded to moderate and heavy grazing intensities, showing an increasing trend.

In the other previous study, extremely significant and positive associations were observed for individual fruit weight, cracking, and rind thickness of cherry fruit ( Yamaguchi et al., 2014 ).

According to Figure 8 , the area of climate suitable area of naked oat under the shared socio-economic path of SSP126 and SSP245 showed a decreasing trend from 2040 to 2060, especially under the shared socio-economic path of SSP126.

3.2.3 Leaf antioxidant enzyme activity The SOD, POD, and CAT activities in woad leaves had an increasing trend at first and then a decreasing trend with the advancement of the growth period.

This was similar to our results, where a highly significant positive correlation was found between the Pn and the yield of woad, and a significant positive correlation was found between the Pn and WUE. 5 Conclusion The response mechanism of woad to water deficit was investigated by analyzing the changes in photosynthetic parameters, malondialdehyde, osmoregulatory, antioxidant enzyme activities, and yield.

However, an increasing trend for both soluble sugars and total free amino acids was seen by the foliar application of nano-nutrients solution. 1% treatment of nano-nutrientss maximized total soluble sugars by 2-fold and, 5% concentration increased total free amino acids by 4.5 and 5-fold under drought and control conditions respectively as compared to plants with no treatment of nano-nutrientss.

With decreasing water treatments, yield decreased significantly, and the trend of GYUA was T1>T2>T3, while WUE showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, with high statistical significance.

The amount of abscisic acid in leaves showed a decreasing trend in MDR and IDR in the first season (40% and 30%) and the second season (49% and 33%) compared with untreated ZnO NP plants.

Four of five contigs of LPAT ( LPAT2 , LPAT3 , LPAT4 and LPAT5 ) were identified ( Figure 4 , Supplementary File 1 ), all of which showed a trend of downregulation as the seeds matured, even though the variation between replicates rendered the trend non-significant.

Regardless of N application level, AsA content displayed an increasing trend while DHA content was reduced as pepper fruit maturity advanced, resulting in a higher content of total vitamin C at the mature green stage.

As with NR, GS activity also showed an increasing trend in leaf and root tissues though the N-induced enzyme induction was not as pronounced as in NR, except for the G3 leaf tissue ( Figure 6B ). 3.4 Nitrogen supply increased auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin content and nitrate reductase activity remarkably, but not so for abscisic acid and glutamine synthetase Inorganic N application had a remarkable effect on endogenous hormones in both G152 and G3 accessions ( Table 2 ).

Cumulative CH 4 fluxes showed a decreasing trend following the 0 mm and 5 mm PP treatments, as CH 4 continued to be absorbed from the atmosphere by the soil ( Figures 4A , 5A ).

Instead, the behaviour of citrate and isocitrate showed an increasing trend, under salinity stress, although only citrate was statistically significant.