Excerpts

With regarding to phylogenetic diversity, the phylogenetic richness (PD) showed an increasing trend with spatial scale in all sampling positions, while the mean nearest taxa distance (MNTD) decreased.

Differed from SbGBSSI, all four NAC TFs possessed significant or extremely significant promoting activities to the promoter of SbBt1 ( Figure 7D ).

Only the mechanical inoculation showed a trend of dose-dependency doubling yields at the higher dose (34 vs. 18 mg TMV-Lys per 100 g infected leaf tissue for mechanical inoculation using 30 μg vs. 3 μg TMV-Lys, Figure 6 ).

virescens leaves gradually increased, and the difference between the treatment and control groups reached significant or highly significant levels; at the same time, POD, SOD, and CAT were significantly enhanced, which is conducive to the scavenging of ROS in the H. virescens plants and other plants.

virescens leaves showed a decreasing trend with the extension of the stress time.

In the early stages of growth, all phenotypes presented an increasing trend.

As shown in Figure 5 , the AsA content in the leaves of Tiannong 9 showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing from the 1st to the 4th day after Cd stress, and the AsA/DHA ratio presented similar characteristics to the change of AsA content.

EL, MDA and activities of SOD, POD, CAT As shown in Figure 3 that Cd stress caused the leaf EL to show an increasing trend, which was manifested as a slow rise in the early stage and a sharp rise in the later stage, showing an increasingly severe trend as the stress level advanced.

FLL showed highly significant positive correlations with SN and TGW in rainfed conditions, but FLL was negatively correlated with SN, GL, GT, TGW in WW conditions.

The GA 3 content of green tomato fruit showed an increasing trend throughout the storage period and gradually decreased during the shelf life.

An increasing trend was observed in the protein content of soybean seed when nano-iron was applied in different concentrations under well-watered and drought conditions ( Table 6 ).

In contrast, in wild landraces of common beans in Turkey, HFP showed a highly significant and positive correlation with seed yield per plant, suggesting that this trait possibly can be utilised for breeding of superior common bean genotypes ( Nadeem et al., 2020 ).

Generally, a decreasing trend in the proportion of triterpenoids from southern to northern latitudes, accompanied with an increase in proportion of fatty acids, aldehydes, and alkanes, in bilberry fruit cuticular wax was observed.

In 2018, a clear trend of decrease in proportion of triterpenoids in berry wax was observed from southern latitudes in Latvia (79.9% triterpenoids of total wax), through location in Finland (50.7% triterpenoids of total wax) to northern Norway (27.4% triterpenoids of total wax).

The highly significant decreasing pattern in leaf numbers in both varieties is observed as UV-B stress dose increases compared to control ( Figure 1C ).

For each of the parental lines, skewed markers, showing highly significant distortion from the expected 1:1 ratio, or markers with identical segregation patterns were excluded from further map construction steps ( Supplemental Table 1 ).

formosana showed a decreasing trend in all growth periods.

henryi showed an increasing trend in 1958–2019 and 1958–1996.

Identification of quantitative trait loci with interaction effects Besides the abovementioned QTLs with main and full effects, multi-environment GWAS uncovered highly significant QTLs with interaction effects.

Recently, our aeroponics study demonstrated a highly significant and positive correlation between root traits and tuber yield along with N use efficiency in potatoes (Tiwari et al., 2022 ).

In contrast to them, the expression level of ABI4 showed an increasing trend under ABA treatment, with a down-regulation at 1 h and a peak at 9 h ( Figure 2H ).

Our results do not show a clear trend of increased Se accumulation in agretti under water deficit irrigation, i.e., 50% Et o .

The results of θ NDVI and Mann–Kendall significance test were combined to obtain six scenarios of vegetation NDVI: when θ NDVI > 0 and passed α =0.05 significance test, vegetation NDVI showed a significant increasing trend; when α =0.05 significance test was not passed, vegetation NDVI showed a non-significant increasing trend; similarly, vegetation NDVI showed a decreasing trend.

The vegetation cover showed a trend of degradation and then recovery, in which the percentage of high vegetation cover area decreased from 51.22% (1984–2000) to 28.33% (2001–2005), and then recovered to 55.69% (2006–2020).

Due to which, a decreasing trend in cultivable land and a rising world population raises a question of global food security.