Excerpts

The C/N ratio was highly significant and positively correlated with Geobacter , but negatively correlated with Haliangium .

Alpha diversity analysis By comparing and analyzing the Alpha diversity indices of skin flora in the melasma group and the control group ( Tables 4 , 5 ), it can be seen that the chao index of bacteria and fungi were on an increasing trend, and the abundance of skin flora in the melasma group was higher than that in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05).

There was an increasing trend in shannon index and a decreasing trend in simpson index for bacteria and fungi, and the diversity of the melasma group was higher than that of the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05), indicating similar community structures. 3.2.2.2.

In the WLWDS-11-H treatment group, Bacillota , Pseudomonadota , and Campylobacterota showed a decreasing trend, while Bacteroidota increased significantly and approached the levels in sham mice.

Order-level analysis revealed that Eubacteriales and Lactobacillales predominated in the sham group; Lactobacillales decreased significantly in MIRI mice, with Eubacteriales showing an increasing trend.

Finally, SPOD activity exhibited a significant positive correlation with POC, a very strong positive correlation with SPPO, and a highly significant negative correlation with Mg 2+ content. 3.5.

A p -value < 0.05 was regarded to be statistically significant, while a p- value < 0.001 was considered extremely significant.

A randomized controlled trial showed that the average phototherapy time required by infants receiving AP-32 was approximately 7 h less than that of the placebo group, and the CP-9 group also showed a trend of shortened treatment time ( Tsai et al., 2025 ).

Acidobacteria showed a decreasing trend in T2, with a relative abundance of 10.03%.

3.7 The relationship between soil physicochemical properties and MPs traits Through the correlation heat map, we can see that microplastic abundance has a highly significant negative correlation with SOC, NO 3 – -N, NH 4 + -N, TN, and Vector Length, and a highly significant positive correlation with soil water content, EC, AP, TP, and Vector Angle; for microplastic morphology, thin film-type MPs have the greatest impact on soil physicochemical properties, and with SOC,

Additionally, enzyme activity exhibits a decreasing trend with an increase in the number of mulching years, reaching its lowest value after 15 years of mulching.

Although both TP and AP in soil showed an increasing trend with the duration of mulching ( Table 1 ), the degree of P limitation continued to intensify.

Although some effects were borderline significance after adjustment, their consistent direction across multiple metrics suggests reproducible age- and sex-specific structuring of anellovirus communities in the absence of overt disease.

Still, lettuce irrigated with secondary-treated wastewater showed a trend toward higher prevalence and concentration of these genes compared with plants irrigated with potable or reclaimed water.

For example, in Indian major carp fingerling, carcass fat showed a positive trend with increasing dietary leucine concentration ( Ahmed and Khan, 2006 ; Zehra and Khan, 2015 ).

Aas + mutant strain showed a trend of reduced ppGpp accumulation at 3 h and, more notably, failed to sustain the elevated level seen in the WT at later time points, consistent with acyl-ACP synthetase restoring acyl-ACP as imported FAs accumulated overtime ( Figure 3D ) ( Jackowski et al., 1994 ).

In contrast, the Pb TF from stems/leaves to husks showed an increasing trend in all three treatments.

In this experiment, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the hindgut of the HS group Simmental heifers was significantly increased, while the relative abundance of Firmicutes showed a decreasing trend.

Significant differences were declared at p < 0.05, whereas p < 0.01 was considered highly significant.

At higher taxonomic levels (Kingdom, Phylum), most methods, including KNN, Random Forest, and LinearSVC, show moderate effect sizes (Cohen's d 0.3–0.47) and highly significant differences, indicating that metadata contributes substantially to model performance when microbiome signals are coarse.

This near-significant difference supports the reliability of RAS as a practical screening tool in resource-limited clinical settings. 4.1 Comparison with previous studies in Central Asia Our findings fill an essential gap in the existing literature for this region.

Furthermore, the concentration of NH 3 -N in the experimental group exhibited an increasing trend by the 60th day.

The diversity of the intestinal community in the stool samples of patients in the ICU decreased, and the difference was apparent when compared to the HC group; however, the difference was not statistically significant.

Nevertheless, certain virulence genes exhibited a statistical trend toward higher occurrence in isolates presenting these resistance mechanisms ( Supplementary Table 2 ).

These observations were paired with a notable trend of decreasing body volume of sponge individuals, indicating lower fitness at the lowest salinities.