Excerpts

For bacteria, community resistance differed significantly between Xiaoxian, Hefei, and Tongling regions with Anqing and Huangshan regions, showing a decreasing trend with increasing latitude.

Following degradation, moderately labile P initially increases then decreases, with moderately labile Pi (NaOH-Pi) declining significantly and moderately labile Po (NaOH-Po) showing an increasing trend ( Figures 2d , e ).

This discrepancy may stem from several factors: (1) Patient and infection complexity: Randomized controlled trial (RCT) populations exhibit high heterogeneity, and the complexity of infections (such as endocarditis and deep-seated abscesses) far exceeds that of standardized laboratory models; (2) Suboptimal dosing regimens: The dosing regimens used in trials may fail to achieve the PK/PD targets required for synergy at the infection site; (3) Adverse events (AEs): The meta-analysis revealed a nonsignificant trend toward greater treatment discontinuation due to AEs in the combination arms, which may have potentially confounded the efficacy assessment.

In particular, there was a clear trend in the changes in the relative abundances of Aspergillus and Lipomyces among the different treatments.

At Site 3, the expression of PSII core genes PsbD, PsbC , and PsbB increased in August 2022, while the increase in PsbA showed a weak trend toward October 2022 and August 2023.

Over the sampling period, the diversity indices of CK and T1 showed a decreasing trend, whereas under T2 they increased, suggesting that coverage with 0.012 mm biodegradable film promoted microbial diversity in the Changji fields during the late stage of cotton growth ( Figure 5 ).

In contrast, the sensitivity distribution of test strains isolated from Cobb broilers of varying ages to ofloxacin (a quinolone) revealed a clear trend, with an average resistance rate of 23.34%.

When the filtering criteria were applied, 418 metabolites were identified, with 262 exhibiting an increasing trend and 156 showing a decreasing trend.

The annual number of isolates showed an increasing trend, with the highest count observed in 2023–24 ( n = 76, 28.04%), compared to 27–38 (9.96–14.02%) per year in previous years as shown in Figure 2 .

The number of MTB isolates generally showed an increasing trend until 2019, after which a decline was observed.

In week 5 post-treatment, the highly significant treatment effect was evident, with AM + CA + MO + PFA (4.8 eggs), AM + NG + MO + PFA (4.8 eggs), and AM + RC + MO + PFA (4.9 eggs) treatments emerging as the most effective treatments.

Among these, the majority displayed a negative trend, with relative abundance decreasing in association with higher cotinine levels.

α -Diversity analysis revealed that, relative to the Control group, the DSS group showed significantly reduced Shannon ( p < 0.01), Simpson ( p < 0.05), and observed-species ( p < 0.05) indices, with a decreasing trend in the Chao1 index.

Alpha diversity analysis By comparing and analyzing the Alpha diversity indices of skin flora in the melasma group and the control group ( Tables 4 , 5 ), it can be seen that the chao index of bacteria and fungi were on an increasing trend, and the abundance of skin flora in the melasma group was higher than that in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05).

There was an increasing trend in shannon index and a decreasing trend in simpson index for bacteria and fungi, and the diversity of the melasma group was higher than that of the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05), indicating similar community structures. 3.2.2.2.

A randomized controlled trial showed that the average phototherapy time required by infants receiving AP-32 was approximately 7 h less than that of the placebo group, and the CP-9 group also showed a trend of shortened treatment time ( Tsai et al., 2025 ).

The differential metabolite pathways between oat monoculture and intercropping were predominantly enriched in the Metabolic pathways, with the highest number of differential metabolites (8, accounting for 0.42), showing highly significant enrichment.

For example, in Indian major carp fingerling, carcass fat showed a positive trend with increasing dietary leucine concentration ( Ahmed and Khan, 2006 ; Zehra and Khan, 2015 ).

Aas + mutant strain showed a trend of reduced ppGpp accumulation at 3 h and, more notably, failed to sustain the elevated level seen in the WT at later time points, consistent with acyl-ACP synthetase restoring acyl-ACP as imported FAs accumulated overtime ( Figure 3D ) ( Jackowski et al., 1994 ).

In contrast, the Pb TF from stems/leaves to husks showed an increasing trend in all three treatments.

In this experiment, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the hindgut of the HS group Simmental heifers was significantly increased, while the relative abundance of Firmicutes showed a decreasing trend.

Significant differences were declared at p < 0.05, whereas p < 0.01 was considered highly significant.

This near-significant difference supports the reliability of RAS as a practical screening tool in resource-limited clinical settings. 4.1 Comparison with previous studies in Central Asia Our findings fill an essential gap in the existing literature for this region.

Furthermore, the concentration of NH 3 -N in the experimental group exhibited an increasing trend by the 60th day.

Nevertheless, certain virulence genes exhibited a statistical trend toward higher occurrence in isolates presenting these resistance mechanisms ( Supplementary Table 2 ).