Excerpts

Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria abundances were more variable throughout the year and did not show a clear trend.

The extensive use of old drugs (particularly in low-income countries and in farming) might be significant for the emergence and selection of resistance to the novel members of the family, becoming a growing source of variation and selection of resistance to the whole family.

(tetracycline) were continuously showing an increasing trend of AMR ( Institute of Medical Research [IMR], 2020 ; Table 1 ).

The Ace and Chao1 also displayed an increasing trend, indicating that the richness of CF applied soil fungi increased with fertilizer application.

The unique OTUs showed an increasing trend with CF but a decreasing trend with RF, which was consistent with the changing trend of the total OTUs ( Table 3 ).

The results showed that the overall positive level of antibodies showed a trend of rapid decline ( Figure 2E and Supplementary Figure 1 ).

Similarly, with the exception of the 80 mbar pressure condition, a decreasing trend was observed in the estimated LPD with decreasing pressure, with the length of the estimated lag phase decreasing from 8.61 ± 0.07 at 670 mbar to 2.6 ± 0.1 at 330 mbar to 0.20 ± 0.05 at 160 mbar ( Tables 2 , 3 and Figure 3 ).

ESR, CRP and platelets decreased significantly after FMT-1 and FMT-2 ( p < 0.05); there was no significant difference in Hb before and after FMT, though it had an increasing trend ( Table 3 ).

∗ p < 0.05 indicates a significant difference, and ∗∗ p < 0.01 indicates an extremely significant difference.

A clear trend was observed with biodegradable polymers being dominated by a low number of highly abundant contributive OTUs when compared to non-biodegradable polymers, suggesting a specialization of the bacterial communities, providing more information to the contrasted results obtained so far, not allowing to answer whether plastics really select for specific microbial communities ( Wright et al., 2020 ).

However, given that half or more confined tracks for specifically labeled mRNAs can be accounted for by specific binding of MS2-mVenus, a generally higher degree of membrane proximity for mRNAs encoding membrane proteins, and thus for translation of membrane proteins at the membrane, should have been visible, but histograms of confined tracks did not show such a clear trend, although different patterns between mRNAs were apparent.

This indicates that litter may act as an effective metal storage pool; namely, litter absorbs metals from contaminated soil, which may be highly significant in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil.

The sCD14 levels appeared to show an increasing trend among all four groups at the follow-up; these differences, however, were not statistically significant.

Furthermore, TK had an increasing trend in TA and TB, and there were no significant changes in CK ( Figure 1I ).

In this study, at the mesophilic stage, Bacteroidetes showed a decreasing trend in all three treatments, and Actinobacteria increased markedly in TB (30.4%) ( Figure 3 and Supplementary Table 4 ).

In an interesting trend, most studies looked for several sources and combined several methods and targets (e.g., phage detection, bacterial molecular marker quantification, bacterial communities analysis).

However, longer time series over several seasons are certainly necessary to assess whether this variation remains stable around a certain baseline like the values reported here, or rather shows an increasing trend over longer time scales in the future.

Soil Bacterial Diversity and Community Structure Soil bacterial alpha diversity, including richness and the Shannon index, showed a decreasing trend in near-mature plantations (planted 9–20 years ago) when compared to plantations of the other three stand ages ( Supplementary Figure S5 ).

Although only a trend toward significance in our study for racial disparity in COVID-19 was observed, a large systematic review involving 50 studies from the United States and United Kingdom concluded that individuals of black and Asian ethnicities have a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 in general, and more specifically, Asians were at a higher risk of hospital admission and death ( Sze et al., 2020 ).

Generally, the EDI value had an increasing trend with decreasing root diameter and increasing rooting depth (except Layer IV).

But for the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, an increasing trend in villus height and V/C, and a decreasing trend in Crypt depth has been shown in Groups II, III, or IV when compared to Group I.

We could tell from Figure 7A that phenoloxidase activity showed a trend of decrease according to the prolongation of ZnO-NP treatment from 2 to 11 h.

However, Actinobacteria showed an increasing trend at both biochar levels when compared with non-biochar-treated soil samples.

The cell abundance of Bacillariophyta at all stations except S87 showed an increasing trend with the deepening of water layer, in which the main species were T. nitzschioides , T. frauenfeldii , and C. argus .

In this study, aside from the poor bactericidal activity observed amongst the co-producers, we were unable to identify a clear trend among the isolates with the other carbapenemase types, indicating that the knowledge of carbapenemase types alone was a poor indicator of combination activity in our isolates.