Excerpts

The combined IL-1β (2 g/ml) + TNF (5 ng/ml) stimulation induced a highly significant transcription of genes known to shape the aggressive phenotype of RA FLS.

While NTC siRNA had no significant effect on plasmablast generation, we were surprised to detect a strong trend in plasmablast reduction after GAPD knockdown suggesting a potential role for GAPD in plasma cell differentiation ( Figures 3D,F ).

The growth of H99-α compared to H99 was significantly suppressed at 2 dpi and showed a strong trend for reduced fungal burden at day 1.

In the clinical sample evaluated ( 130 ), the majority of GvHD patients were treated with freeze-thawed MSCs with a small number of fresh culture-derived MSCs being available for comparison; while the study lacked sufficient power and thus should be considered with caution, as also emphasized in the discussion, the authors noted an interesting trend of improved clinical outcomes with fresh MSCs, especially those delivered at early passage, in comparison to freeze-thawed MSCs ( 130 , 136 ).

In the absence of hCEA the 1D8 N/C CEA.1 showed a costimulatory effect similar to 1D8 N18 , but in the presence of immobilized hCEA T cell proliferation was significantly increased ( P = 0.003), whereas IFNγ secretion showed a trend to increase, without statistical significance ( Figures 5D,E ).

This showed a trend in reduction of absolute numbers of VACV-specific CD8 T cells in the 54-wo mice in comparison with 22- and 7-wo groups ( Figure 4A ).

These data indicated a “platelet-like” signature on psoriasis PMNs, and, upon re-inspection of the screen data, CD41 and CD61 showed pronounced differences for PMNs that barely missed statistical significance ( cf .

Second, due to the lack of earlier studies in this setting, the design of our study, and limited sample size, the conclusions drawn are limited to associations with modest significance.

Culture for 24 h also led to a reduction in IFNα-induced STAT1 phosphorylation ( Figure 7B ), a strong trend toward a reduction in LPS-induced TNFα, significantly reduced IL-6 production ( Figures 7C,D ), and increased LPS-induced expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 ( Figure 7E ).

Incubation with TMI005 prevented LPS and poly I:C induced reduction of cells in the intermediate monocyte gate, with a similar trend toward significance for flagellin ( ns = not statistically significant).

Both highly significant elevation in IL-1α levels ( 79 ) and reduction in the IL-1Ra over IL-1β ratio (IL-1Ra/IL-1β) ( 80 ) have been detected in ALF patients with a fatal outcome.

One highly significant comorbidity is HIV associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND).

Sorting on “Chemokine signaling genes,” heatmap analysis demonstrated an overall trend toward increased dermal expression of genes involved in these pathways in allo-WT mice, with lower expression in allo-MCd mice ( Figure 4A ).

For example, ozone measured at Mt Waliguan Observatory (a global “background” site) on the Tibetan Plateau over the period of 1994–2013 has shown an increasing trend at 0.2–0.3 ppb per year during spring and autumn ( 11 ).

While annual PM 2.5 average concentrations showed a decreasing trend in many cities of China ( 12 ), ground-level ozone concentrations measured in some monitoring sites in China showed an increasing trend in the past several years.

Mice vaccinated with both AdV-260 and AdV-451 had a highly significant decrease in infectious virus compared to controls.

However, GFP-negative cells in Cu 2+ -stressed larvae showed a slightly significant increase in annexin V-positive cells between Cu 2+ -stressed and control groups for the coro1a, lyz , and mpx transgenic lines, which was 3.53 ± 0.72%, 3.33 ± 0.43%, and 2.39 ± 0.53% in copper-stressed larvae vs. 0.04 ± 0.01%, 0.04 ± 0.01%, and 0.13 ± 0.09% in control larvae, respectively ( Figures S14B,C ).

In blood, we could not detect any significant increase in colony forming units (CFU) when sham-treated mice were compared with WT or TNFR1 −/− mice that were subjected to CLP ( Figure 2C ), although we detected a slight trend toward higher bacterial counts in the TNFR1 −/− mice.

A robust decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines for IL-1ß and IL-1α was observed with CC-C1q complexes, and a decreasing trend for IL-6 and TNFα secretion.

Similar to bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatics, pre-treatment with H 2 O 2 showed a trend toward dose-dependent reduction of poly(I:C)-induced expression of IFNβ in COPD bronchial epithelium ( Figure 5A ).

We observed an overall trend toward reduction of ipsilateral brain tissue volume loss of 13–66% across all 6 forebrain regions in the LPS-treated global properdin deletion group ( Figure 2H ) compared to LPS-treated wild type controls ( Figure 2G ) (main effect, p < 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test), however the data reached significant values only in cortex and pyriform cortex (Bonferroni correction, p < 0.05).

Specifically, an increasing trend that did not reach significance in the percentage of intracellular IFN-γ was detected in CD4 + T cells with the higher percentage of intracellular IFN-γ detected within CD8 + T cells from mice vaccinated with CPA 160−189 -loaded p8-PLGA nanoparticles as compared to PBS- and p8-PLGA nanoparticle-vaccinated mice ( p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively) ( Figures 2G,H ).

The PPI network consisting of 271 nodes that interacted with 729 edges and an enrichment p < 1.0e − 16, identified a highly significant enrichment for “immune system” (MMU-168256; FDR 1.39E-24), “innate immune system” (MMU-168249; FDR 5.39E-22) and “neutrophil degranulation” (MMU-6798695; FDR 8.81E-18) ( Figure 7 ) further verifying the above analysis.

At day 17, MVA-ORF6- and MVA-ORF61-pre-immunized mice showed a highly significant reduction in spleen weight ( Figure 5B ) and a decrease in latent virus as quantified by the number of reactivating splenocytes ( Figure 5C ) as compared to the control groups (MVA-F6 or PBS).

Discussion In this study, we found highly significant differences in immune cell infiltrates in endometrial tumors according to their MMR status and origin.