Excerpts

A two-way ANOVA was applied to evaluate significance, with p < 0.01 considered statistically significant and p < 0.001 considered highly significant.

In the untreated CRP water, the color gradually darkened and the L* value decreased with increasing aging years, while the contents of TSS, total sugars, flavonoids, and polyphenols exhibited an increasing trend.

In the untreated CRP water, the total amino acid content exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing aging years, this result was consistent with the previous study [ 30 ], the amino acid content in CRP reduced with the extension of aging years, which may be associated with the gradual utilization or degradation of amino acids by microorganisms during the aging process of CRP [ 31 ].

Regarding pancreatic parameters, the relative pancreas weight showed a slight trend toward higher values in BP and Si-BP animals, compared with CP rats, and was significantly higher in the Si-CP ones.

After a few days of storage, regardless of whether the samples had been irradiated or not, their moisture content exhibited a decreasing trend [ 37 , 39 ], which might be due to respiration or storage temperature [ 40 ]. 3.2.

As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the retrogradation rate of amylose gradually decreases over time, while the retrogradation rate of amylopectin generally indicates an increasing trend.

The water solubility test results indicated that when the clove essential oil addition was low, the water solubility of the composite film showed a decreasing trend.

As shown in Figure 2 B, the hardness of sweet corn kernels showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the extension of storage time.

It can be clearly observed that the starch granule size shows an overall trend of increasing initially and then decreasing with prolonged storage, which is consistent with the change trend of sample hardness.

The examples summarised in Table 1 highlight a clear trend toward the incorporation of whey into food systems designed to address current consumer and industry demands, including nutritional fortification, clean-label reformulation, and waste reduction.

Although the crude protein content in fruiting bodies of strains X3, X4, and X5 grown on ginger straw substrate showed a decreasing trend compared to those on cottonseed hull substrate, the differences were not statistically significant.

Effects of the Nutritional Quality of Fruiting Bodies of Hericium erinaceus Effects of Crude Protein, Crude Fat, Total Sugars, Reducing Sugars, Crude Fiber, and Ash Content Ginger straw exerted a highly significant effect on the crude protein content in the fruiting bodies of H4 and H9 strains.

However, when the UDTP addition exceeded 4 g, the sensory score gradually declined, and both hardness and fracturability showed a trend of initial increase followed by decrease.

In the score plot ( Figure 2 C), a small trend between control sediment and sediment samples is observed along PC1, reflecting the substantial chemical modifications induced by fining.

Generally, an increasing trend was observed with the addition of TFP at 1% with smaller particle size, except for the samples with the addition of TFP 100 and TFP 200 , which showed a slight reduction or remained stable compared to CK-SY.

investigated major changes in the chemical composition of tea during processing and observed a decreasing trend in tea polyphenols and free amino acids, while an initial increase followed by a decrease was observed for the content of soluble sugars, along with particularly significant changes during heat processing [ 61 ]. 3.5.

Over the course of storage, the moisture content of the microencapsulated powders exhibited an increasing trend, which corresponded with a significant rise in water activity by day 90.

During the composting process, the moisture content of all treatments exhibited a decreasing trend ( Figure 1 b).

In the FWB and FWSM treatments, which had relatively high nitrogen availability, microorganisms preferentially utilized these readily accessible nitrogen sources, resulting in an increasing trend in the C/N ratio during the later stages of composting.

The results showed that compost physicochemical properties exerted a highly significant positive effect on fungal diversity and the lignocellulose degradation rate, consistent with previous studies [ 97 , 98 ].

The films prepared using SA 100 wt.% and glycerol 54 wt.% with varying MAX composition showed a decreasing trend for the elongation rate as the concentration of MAX increased ( Figure 1 B).

These films showed an increasing trend of tensile strengths with increasing concentrations of SA ( Figure 1 C).

In contrast, CF was higher during the initial storage period, gradually decreased during the middle of storage, and later showed an increasing trend.

For example, the dots corresponding to D-Xylitol, Dethiobiotin, Azelaic acid, Daidzin, and other metabolites were located in the upper part of the plot, indicating their extremely low p -values and thus highly significant differences.

All indicators showed a trend of rising rapidly at first and then converging slowly.