Excerpts

Milling Quality Cultivar, low-temperature treatment, and their interaction had highly significant effects on milling quality ( Figure 2 ).

Statistical significance was set at * p < 0.05, while ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 indicated highly significant differences. 3.

The Contents of MDA and the Permeability of Cell Membranes Throughout the healing process, the MDA content of the AA-treated and control sweet potatoes showed a trend of first increasing, then decreasing, and then increasing again.

Both development time and peak time showed a trend of initial increase followed by a decrease, reaching their maximum values at 2%.

[ 25 ] in ‘Gala’ apples, who observed a decreasing trend in luminosity during storage after UV-C treatment.

Pearson correlation analysis ( Figure 2 ) showed that luminosity (L*) exhibited a strong and highly significant positive correlation with chroma and hue angle, indicating that increases in L* are directly associated with greater color intensity and uniformity.

Total phenolic compounds ( Figure 4 C) showed an increasing trend during storage for all treatments.

The PPO activity of the stored blueberries exhibited an increasing trend in the early–mid-storage period (7~21 d), followed by a relatively stable change ( Figure 2 B).

This modeling revealed highly significant effects for both main factors (starch and essential oil concentration), corroborating recent findings by Agudelo-Sánchez et al.

In contrast, malvidin-3-O-(6-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside (Mv-3-Coglu), an acylated derivative, showed an increasing trend during aging, reaching approximately 5 mg/L in all groups at 6 months, significantly higher than its initial values.

While no statistically significant differences were detected between corresponding NEF and EF fractions, likely due to variability within the data, a decreasing trend in antioxidant activity was observed in EF F2 and EF F3.

For instance, while Vanilnoir and Peralba showed marked improvements in antioxidant capacity upon fractionation, Purendo displayed a decrease in TEAC values from white flour to F250 and G250 fractions, an unexpected trend that may reflect the predominant accumulation of anthocyanins in the aleurone layer, where phenolic compounds are less extractable or more tightly bound to the cell wall matrix, potentially limiting their recovery and interfering with antioxidant assays.

Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05, with p < 0.01 and p < 0.001 indicating highly significant differences. 2.4.2.

In the high-yielding areas of central and eastern Hunan, mean agricultural carbon intensity peaked in both 2008 and 2017, with cities such as Changsha, Loudi, and Hengyang seeing notable increases between 2002 and 2008 as agricultural intensification advanced—Changsha’s agricultural carbon intensity, for instance, rose from approximately 4.17 t/ha in 2002 to 4.64 t/ha in 2008, before declining steadily by a cumulative 12.8% through 2016 and stabilizing at a relatively low level thereafter, a pattern consistent with the MK test’s finding of a highly significant downward trend.

However, MUFA levels showed a clear trend toward higher values in free-range yolks.

subtilis alone showed a decreasing trend during the whole storage period ( Figure 6 f).

As shown in Figure 4 , at concentrations ranging from 0.3125 to 5.0 mg/mL, the viability of RAW 264.7 cells remained above 100% and exhibited an increasing trend, reaching 109.65 ± 1.12% at the highest concentration.

Statistical significance was defined at p < 0.05, with p < 0.01 indicating a significant difference and p < 0.001 indicating a highly significant difference. 3.

Flavonoid content showed highly significant correlations with sinigrin ( r = 0.98) and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin contents ( r = 0.96).

Therefore, inconsistencies between secondary structure predictions and three-dimensional structure models at stem-ring positions are common, and sometimes even quite significant.

During the fermentation process, the protein content of the fermented sample showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, reaching the highest value by the 5th day (119.00 ± 0.82 mg/g).

The glutelin content, a major component of rice protein, also had a highly significant negative correlation with taste value, which may affect the hardness of cooked rice [ 3 ].

The ability to incorporate up to 30% whey without substantial loss of nutritional functionality represents a practically significant finding, consistent with reports that controlled whey incorporation in dairy beverages and functional drinks can enhance mineral density and maintain acceptable physicochemical properties [ 6 , 39 ].

At the genus level, the dominant fungus Aspergillus exhibited significant negative correlations with four bacterial genera, Lysinibacillus , Paenibacillus , Stappia , and Hydrogenispora , and a highly significant negative correlation with Heyndrickxia .

The genus Acinetobacter showed an increasing trend, with relative abundance rising from 5.52% to 11.85% as fermentation progressed.