Excerpts

The pH of the control group showed an increasing trend throughout the F-T cycles, but that of the QP-treated group increased during four F-T cycles and then decreased after the fifth F-T cycle.

In the current study, the results of the SS group and the UAS group showed a trend of significant increase in springiness and a trend of significant decrease in the hardness of groups ( p < 0.05) ( Table 1 ) compared to those of the NT group, indicating that the salted tuna fillets became tender.

Notably, the abundance of DAPs associated with the color change showed a decreasing trend in the UAS vs.

The G′ values showed an increasing trend to different degrees as the oscillation frequency increased for all samples.

A decreasing trend in milk production has been reported in Australia over the last decade.

High-throughput sequencing showed that the microflora of each sample had a positive trend in alpha diversity and a negative trend in beta diversity.

Afterwards, the aldehydes show a decreasing trend due to changes in the physicochemical properties of the fermentation system and the utilization of the aldehydes to produce organic acids [ 29 ].

Ascomycota showed an increasing trend at stage D-2 but experienced a small decline at stage D-3 ( Figure 3 a).

Conducting animal experiments is time-consuming and costly, leading to an increasing trend of using in vitro materials such as cell cultures or tissues as alternatives to animal testing.

Figure 3 c illustrates that an increasing trend in flavonoid extraction is seen at all ultrasound power levels when the percentage of citric acid concentration in the final solvent increases.

Indeed, although bovine milk still dominates the probiotic market worldwide, there is an increasing trend towards the use of milk from species other than cows to deliver probiotics.

Bottled water is essential for life in industrialized countries; there is an increasing trend in its consumption [ 81 ].

The Na + /K + ratio showed an interesting effect for 100 mg/kg.b.w and 200 mg/kg.b.w concentrations, which were highly significant compared to Aldactone and slightly weak compared to Furosemide.

As shown in Figure 2 , there is a decreasing trend of GI of LAB isolates with the increase in ethanol concentration.

With increasing temperature and time, the PPT-type rare ginsenoside content in American ginseng also showed an increasing trend.

The amount of this vitamin in the APF showed a decreasing trend from 2.0 to 1.5 mg/100 g dw as the size of the particles decreased, reaching a minimum in the smallest particles (fraction E).

Additionally, the levels of ALP, another liver enzyme, were elevated in the hypercholesterolemia-induced group compared to the control group, indicating impaired liver function; however, the treatments with mushroom extracts showed a decreasing trend towards reducing the levels of ALP, suggesting a potential improvement in liver function.

This study is highly significant for increasing the potential use of red and white sorghum varieties, which are currently only used as animal feed in most countries such as Turkey, in human nutrition by subjecting them to the germination process and determining the effects of germination at different durations on the functional composition of sorghum.

This previous review investigated 13-year trends in dietary patterns among Japanese adults aged over 20 years and revealed an increasing trend in the “animal food and oil” pattern, characterized by higher consumption of red and processed meat, eggs, vegetable oil, and other vegetables across most generations [ 4 ].

In the range of 0.2–0.3 mg/mL of citric acid solution, both proanthocyanidin retention showed an increasing trend, presumably because the presence of citric acid caused the hydrolysis of PC into anthocyanins, which had a certain degree of color-enhancing effect on PC [ 34 ], but it also destroyed the original structure of PC as a result, so the citric acid solution was detrimental to microcapsules and PC.

p -value was less than 0.01, which indicated that the model was highly significant.

Additionally, POD activity in all samples also showed an increasing pattern followed by a decreasing trend ( Figure 3 F).

The a* of the dry tea consistently exhibited positive values, showcasing an increasing trend with storage year and eventually registering a 66.37% increase.

The total content of free amino acids ranged from 24.68 to 53.34 mg/g, showing an initial increase followed by a decreasing trend with an increase in storage years.

After 30 min, the surface hydrophobicity of the composite gel showed a decreasing trend.