Excerpts

However, patients on hemodialysis or pre-dialysis CKD frequently have indwelling catheters and in these patients, these organisms, which are otherwise considered as cultural contaminants, might be significant pathogens, causing biofilm formation and leading to device-related bloodstream infections.

However, hypertension showed a trend toward increasing the risk of AKI (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 0.993-2.992) but did not reach a statistical significance (p-value = 0.053).

The test for heterogeneity I 2 in this study was highly significant with a Q(6) of 12.37 and p of 0.0543; hence, the random-effect model was selected due to the heterogeneity of the data.

Figure 3 shows that recipients with biochemical evidence of recurrence had an overall trend toward worse combined graft loss and death probability than those without any sign of recurrence of LN.

Recurrence of lupus nephritis showed a trend for increased risk of graft loss or patient death (Hazard Ratio: 3.14, 95%Confidence Interval: 0.65-15.24) compared to the recipient without recurrence in our unadjusted proportional Cox regression model.

As for Tham et al., the conclusions of the statistical analysis appear contradictory, as only slight significance was found for the suggested correlations, and the number of participants involved in the study is low [ 6 ].

Results The mean and standard deviation (SD) of pre- and post-BFI scores derived by using paired t-test was 73.76 (8.6) and 69.33 (9.8), respectively, with a p-value of < 0.001, which is highly significant.

CRP and ferritin had significant levels of 0.044, 0.44, and 0.003 and 0.000, 0.001, 0.000, 0.001, and 0.205 in grades I and II, respectively, which implies that the correlation of inflammatory markers such as CRP and ferritin is highly significant at all stages.

Throughout the patient's stay in the hospital, CRP showed a decreasing trend.

Hemoglobin and platelets follow a decreasing trend in relation to the increasing severity of CKD, and statistically significant differences were found across the categories of severity (p-value<0.05).

From 2004 till 2016, a negative trend of eye cancer was observed, with a parallelism of trends between males and females.

Moreover, ocular cancer showed a positive trend in males and a negative trend in females for the period between 2005 and 2016.

Clinically most apparent symptoms of COVID-19 include fever and cough, which in some patients show an increasing trend but are completely non-apparent in patients who present with an asymptomatic course of disease [ 5 ].

For all statistical analyses, p<0.05 was considered significant, and p<0.001 was considered highly significant.

A highly significant association was found when postoperative pain was compared between non-anxious and anxious patients after adjusting age gender, type of surgery, and other comorbidities.

SCW also showed a highly significant positive correlation with SCD, PPH, PD, and TDA.

Analyzing the seropositivity according to the age groups shows that the seropositivity has an increasing trend with the increase in the age group.

There was an increasing trend in the use of adjuvant analgesics and morphine in preemptive and therapeutic analgesia.

Age and sex did not significantly predict vitamin D insufficiency, though age was borderline significant (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.99-1.24 for a one-year increase).

In recent times, there has been an increasing trend towards minimally invasive surgery performed with endoscopic techniques.

There was an increasing trend of prevalence among the illiterate, with a prevalence of 72%, with a frequent complaint of vaginal discharge (51.9%) [ 17 ].

(2014) [ 28 ] where the mean value of UPCR was 3.48, 3.92, 2.61, and 2.98 among the patients with severe hypertension (p=0.001), eclampsia (p=0.002), raised liver enzymes (p=0.02), and need for ICU support (p=0.02) respectively, and these findings were highly significant.

(2018) [ 41 ] have reported that the mean birth weight of neonates showed a decreasing trend as proteinuria increased above 300 mg; the birth weight of 2521 ± 640 gm in neonates born to women with proteinuria in the range of 300-1000 mg/day was significantly higher than 2230 ± 732 in those born to women with proteinuria >3000 mg/day.

The mean scores depict a decreasing trend for the combined as well as the individual cohorts with the highest mean score at Day 0 and the lowest at Day 60.

However, there is an increasing trend towards early discharge/enhanced recovery protocol (ERP) after surgery [ 13 , 21 ].