Excerpts

Few studies have used a GPS approach to combine greenspace exposure with objective PA in adults, but all have found some indication of a positive trend with PA.

In the unadjusted analysis, data show that earning five or more dollars per day was not significantly associated with betting (Unadjusted risk ratio or uRR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.44–1.01), although marginally significant.

The incidence of mumps in 2018 peaked from April to June but showed a decreasing trend after June due to the reduction of students’ contact during the summer vacation.

The significant or highly significant level was set when |Z| > 1.96 or |Z| > 2.58.

Sixteen occupations associated with the lowest ratio of heavy drinkers demonstrated a trend with duration of employment, the majority ( n = 11) showing a positive trend; i.e. greater time employed in these occupations was associated with increasing rates of lower heavy drinking (Table S 3 ).

demonstrated that the incidence rate of congenital heart disease (CHD) remained stable from 1990 to 2017 at the global level, whilst a decreasing trend was mainly found in Central or South America and Africa.

Nonetheless, there is an urgent need for more efforts to improve the survival rate of patients and lower the burden of this disease in some areas with an increasing trend of either incidence or mortality.

Conclusion Although there appears to be an increasing trend towards early diagnosis, persons with RHI remain a minority in Singapore.

The prevalence of hypertension showed an increasing trend at 11.8% in 2005, 9.5% in 2008 and 14.3% in 2017.

whether WAO and WFH do, indeed, differ is uncertain), it is of note that WFH showed a trend towards less time spent working relative to leisure.

Conclusion PE prevalence has an increasing trend throughout the years 2013–2017 while prevalence in females is higher than males and displays a higher increasing trend.

Second, all demographic and health characteristics that were marginally significant in univariate analysis were taken into account as covariates.

This positive association between health index and wage is highly significant for each group of workers.

Despite minor fluctuations, the proportion of both urban and rural Thais who engaged in the recommended level of MVPA showed an increasing trend (Table 1 ).

A positive effect of the intervention was defined as presenting length-for-age with a positive trend suggestive of an approach to the appropriate growth trajectory or presenting a L/A compatible with being in the normal growth trajectory .

Those with a skin type less likely to burn (Fitzpatrick scale type 4 or 5) showed a trend towards fewer sun safety practices compared to those with type 1 or 2 skin, however this did not reach statistical significance.

Meanwhile, there was an increasing trend for all-age DALY rates in contrast to the trend for each age group, suggesting that the population ageing may influence future DALY rates.

Results Projected mean vegetable intake in the total population showed a decreasing trend through 2040 to 237.7 g/day.

By contrast, the tendency to an increase in overweight and obesity represents a worrying trend.

The HIV incidence density among MSM showed a decreasing trend since 2012 (Fig. 2 ).

The most updated meta-analysis calculated the pooled HIV incidence among Chinese MSM at 5.61/100 person years (PYs), with an increasing trend over time (5.29/100PYs in 2009–2011, 5.50/100PYs in 2012–2014) [ 17 ].

It is worth noting that for a household income between 2 and 5 minimum wages, the association between income and U5MR is weakly significant ( p -value: 0.051, CI: − 21.66; 0.03 and adj.

EAPC and its 95% CI > 0 signified an increasing trend in ASR; 2.

EAPC value and its 95% CI < 0 signified a decreasing trend in ASR; 3.

Furthermore, an increasing trend in the likelihood of experiencing pneumonia was observed corresponding to increasing levels of PM 10 .