Excerpts

Overall, ASIR and ASMR showed a decreasing trend as SDI increased.

The results showed an increasing trend for global, Chinese, and Indian onset over the same period.

However, in the United States, the impact of epidemiologic changes on incidence showed a negative trend (-30.96%), while in contrast, the impact of population (60.2%) and aging (70.76%) was more prominent.

Low-SDI regions still face a heavy burden, while some regions show an increasing trend.

This indicates an increasing trend in air pollution particularly in densely populated districts like Colombo in Sri Lanka, where annual ambient PM 10 levels consistently surpass the WHO, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and Sri Lankan Guideline values [ 28 ].

When the AAPC value was > 0, it indicated that the corresponding age-standardized rate (ASR) was in an increasing trend; otherwise, it indicated a decreasing trend.

Results Figure 1 reveals a clear trend that rural-to-urban migrants experience hypertension earlier than their non-migrant counterparts.

However, a slightly significant positive correlation was found between time since insulin use and adherence to adequate practices involving the use of insulin pens.

In addition, a negative trend was observed in different HRQoL dimensions with increasing screen time in both boys and girls.

For example, in Sweden, the blood test for phosphatidyl ethanol (PEth), a highly significant and specific marker of alcohol use, is increasingly used as a routine test in primary care for patients with hypertension [ 19 ].

(2016), age, gender, education, and marital status showed a weakly significant association with willingness to trade length of life [ 12 ].

After GB, we observed a slightly increasing trend in the proportion of drug costs in LHs.

Although the air pollution-related disease burden of stroke in the population over 50 years of age showed a decreasing trend from 1990 to 2021, it is still very important to urge older people to take personal preventive measures not only against air pollutants but also against other modifiable stroke risk factors [ 24 ].

In Bangladesh, as in other developing countries, there is a significant trend of gender-based discrimination in health-seeking behaviors, with male children generally receiving more care than female children [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].

E-cigarettes and hookah are often marketed as safer alternatives to traditional cigarettes [ 2 ], but emerging evidence suggests that their health risks, particularly among young and impressionable populations, may be significant [ 13 , 14 ].

The results indicate that age plays a crucial role; individuals aged 25–29 are more than twice as likely to engage in injecting behaviours (AOR = 2.29, 95%CI = 1.29–4.03) compared to those aged 18–19, while those in the 30–34 age group show an even higher (AOR = 3.09, 95%CI = 1.82–5.23), suggesting an increasing trend of risk with age.

Across SDI regions, a decreasing trend in the ASDR for smoking-attributable stroke in men was observed between 1990 and 2021.

With one exception, there were highly significant associations of perceived discrimination in outpatient care with non-adherence (significant odds ratios vary between 1.77 and 2.58).

An increasing trend in the age standardized rate was indicated when both the lower bound of the EAPC and its CI were above zero.

Conversely, a decreasing trend was observed when the upper bounds of the EAPC and CI fell below zero.

A significant increase in smoking prevalence was observed among adolescents aged 13 and 14 years, with results being significant for current smokers and highly significant for all smokers (CI 0.566–0.756 and 0.684–0.902, respectively).

Online interest trends in different ART in US, UK, and the world The global online interest in ART has shown a clear trend of decline, followed by a rise, and then another decline.

Education showed a positive association with sleep health but was marginally non-significant ( = 0.281, ).

Additionally, location (β = −3.94, p = 0.05) shows a borderline significant negative association, suggesting that geographic factors may influence social relationships.

An increasing trend is indicated if both the APC/AAPC estimate and its lower 95% CI are greater than 0.