Excerpts

Age-standardized mortality rates did not show an increasing trend (APC: 3.0, (95% CI: -2.8 to9.1), except for the group aged 55–64 years (APC: 11.3, 95% CI: 1.1 to 22.4).

However, a decreasing trend has been observed since 2003 due to the decreasing use of HRT [ 18 ].

We considered a difference of 400 MET min-per-week between the intervention and control groups to be practically significant, detectable with 85% power in two-tailed tests with the alpha of 0.05 for a sample of 253 employees in each group; the standardized effect size is 0.27.

Estimated annual HIV incidence Our results showed that HIV incidences associated with all sexual partnership types followed an increasing trend during the period 2002–2010 (Figure 4 ).

The combined any payer versus uninsured effect among those who lived in such more affluent neighborhoods approached significance (RR = 1.64; 90% CI = 1.06, 2.53, data not shown).

For example, whereas a tendency towards the stabilization of the obesity epidemic has been noted between 1999 and 2010 in the pediatric population of Australia, Europe and Russia, a decreasing trend in childhood and adolescent obesity was reported from Japan [ 5 ].

This variation in sampling is noteworthy, as there may be significant differences in terms of physical and mental health between those who access shelters and those who do not [ 30 , 31 ].

In addition, men control economic resources that might be significant for HIV prevention and care.

Within each need level group, intervention and control participants did not differ in any baseline characteristics except in two instances where marginally significant differences between the intervention and control participants were noted, both within the moderate needs group: the prevalence of current alcohol dependence was higher in control participants (33%) compared to intervention participants (24%, p = 0.046), and the number of participants who provided information suggesting a history of a learning disability was higher in control (41%) compared to intervention participants (31%, p = 0.044).

In Ontario and Canada, integrated disease surveillance systems reported an increasing trend of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) infections in humans showing a threefold increase between 2003 and 2009 [ 4 ].

With respect to antihypertensives, no association was observed in terms of physical activity, but for diet, a positive trend in terms of initiation was observed among those with positive changes in dietary habits (odds ratio = 1.58; 95% CI 0.96-2.59).

Along with a possible trend for the desired response, the daily confrontation with fatal consequences of smoking in the morgue and in cancer diagnostics might present one possible explanation.

There was a clear trend of increasing RT over time ( P for trend <0.01).

After adjusting for gender, age, BMI, smoking, job strain and usual level of leisure time physical activity, the relation between ambulatory BP and lifting heavy loads at work remained significant, while the association with the summary measure of occupational physical activity became borderline significant.

For the proportion of reported values meeting at least 7,500 steps/day, significant negative correlations were apparent with changes in total cholesterol and triglycerides, while the negative correlation with change in glucose was trending towards significance (r = −0.16, -0.15, and −0.13, respectively).

PBS data suggest an increasing trend in statin prescription, although trends in general practice (which are more likely to reflect use in primary prevention) are less apparent [ 31 , 32 ].

Overall, refugee women (RR = 0.75; 95%CI: 0.63; 0.88) showed significantly lower mortality from cancer compared with native Danes, whereas the result for refugee men (RR = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.73; 1.00) was only borderline significant.

Low school neighbourhood SES increased the risk of being a bully or bully-victim although the latter was only marginally significant (low SES: OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.00-2.10).

This meta-analysis also showed that under low efficacy the effect of threat was negative and almost significant, which means that if an intervention developer is not very certain that either the target population is high in response and self-efficacy, or that a given intervention will manage to considerably increase both response and self-efficacy, threatening messages should be avoided.

There was a clear trend showing that the greater the types of services an individual received, the more likely they were to have undergone HIV antibody testing.

The validity of our indicator for diabetes is further supported by the fact that associations of known diabetes to sociodemographic variables and major established risk factors of diabetes were all highly significant and in the expected directions (Table 1 ).

Other polls also indicate a difference in the way Canadians and Americans perceive climate change as a public health threat [ 10 - 12 ], indicating that there may be significant differences in how people in different countries perceive these issues [ 6 ].

Because the onset date of implementation did not have a clear trend, and no relationship was detected between the explanatory factors and the onset of the implementation (data not shown), only rapid implementation was analyzed as the outcome in the present study.

The multivariate logistic regression analyses in Table 5 reveal that the level of action planning at baseline only predicted smoking cessation for smokers motivated to quit within a month at the first follow-up, and had only a borderline significant effect on smoking cessation for the total population at the first follow-up.

As to SES-obesity distributions, we found that along with the progress of education level, obesity proportions were drastically decreasing only in women, and by contrast, a positive trend was found between income and obesity proportions only in men.