Excerpts

Although it was not statistically significant, increasing distance was associated with a decreasing trend of uptake.

The uptake rates were found to be significantly varying across groups associated with different types of experiences ( p = 0.048). There was an increasing trend of uptake according to the rating of experience by the participants.

On the other hand, a WHO progress report published in 2024 showed the challenging reality of the control of STIs; the estimated number of new syphilis cases among adults aged 15–49 years increased by over one million in 2022, reaching eight million worldwide, and gonorrhoea case notification rates in selected high-income countries showed an increasing trend [ 5 ].

Among males, the ASIR and ASDR initially declined until 2015, followed by a rising trend between 2015 and 2019 and then a decreasing trend after 2019, with respective AAPCs of -0.50 (95% CI : -0.53;-0.46) and - 0.50 (95% CI : -0.54;-0.46).

Meta-analysis of quantitative findings Meta-analyses were carried out to determine an overall trend and conducted when the same risk factor was reported in three or more studies.

In Vietnam, an increasing trend of e-cigarette use has been observed.

The Joinpoint regression model identifies multiple"joinpoints"in time-series data, representing significant changes in trends, such as a shift from an increasing trend to a decreasing trend or vice versa.

Although we observed a negative trend later on, it was significant only in 10% of regions (South West).

There was an increasing trend in the number of girls vaccinated compared with that in the previous years following boys’ vaccination in January 2023 (Fig. 3 ).

Remarkably, our review uncovered an interesting trend where contamination on injector surfaces was higher before PIPAC procedures compared to afterward.

This reduction likely results from enhanced public health initiatives, increased awareness of tobacco’s health risks, and stricter regulations, reflecting a positive trend in reducing tobacco consumption.

In Iran, the prevalence of depression has shown an increasing trend, with rural populations facing unique challenges in access to mental health care.

The finding that MDD among children aged 6–23 months increased between 2013 and 2019 indicates a positive trend.

In detail, an increasing trend in ASPR was observed in five regions and 26.0% of countries or territories, while twelve regions and 30.0% of countries or territories reported a decreasing trend.

Furthermore, for those with higher healthy lifestyle scores, an increasing trend in ALB level was observed (P for trend = 0.003).

The research findings indicated a significant trend, illustrating a positive correlation between lead (Pb) and antimony (Sb) concentrations and blood pressure measurements.

In contrast, time-varying characteristics between ages 22 and 49 might be significant confounders for the associations between work and income trajectories and health outcomes at age 50.

Based on three regression models, the odds of having hypertension increased significantly with an increasing trend as age advanced, family history of hypertension, tobacco chewing, Obesity (BMI > 25.5), and salt consumption (> 5gm/day) were found to be significantly associated with the prevalence of hypertension among adult population of rural areas after controlling for all the confounders.

Results of the secondary analysis revealed a negative trend change in all four intervention countries.

Instead, there was a notable trend: average depression scores tended to increase around periods when topics regarding health problems, stressful incidents, and arguments with family were reported more frequently.

The results suggest that there were positive associations of CircS scores with gout and hyperuricemia, as shown by a trend test analysis, with a significant trend observed across all six models.

After GB, we observed a slightly increasing trend in the proportion of drug costs in LHs.

Although the air pollution-related disease burden of stroke in the population over 50 years of age showed a decreasing trend from 1990 to 2021, it is still very important to urge older people to take personal preventive measures not only against air pollutants but also against other modifiable stroke risk factors [ 24 ].

In Bangladesh, as in other developing countries, there is a significant trend of gender-based discrimination in health-seeking behaviors, with male children generally receiving more care than female children [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].

These findings suggest that food security did not demonstrate a significant trend in relation to low muscle mass.