“nominally significant”

The rs1046322 and rs9457 polymorphisms showed nominally significant ( p < 0.05) association in all three (type 1, type 2 and combined) analyses, which remained significant in all cases after FDR correction for multiple testing.

Among these results, we identified three additional genes with nominally significant differential expression ( P < 0.05) in both the qPCR study and BA10 microarray data as well as a consistent direction of effect (GRM5, NSF, SNCA, Fig. 3 ).

Of the 245 UKB associations (226 previously reported + 19 previously unreported associations), we find that 72% (176) show at least nominally significant ( p < 0.05 ) age-specific effects within UK women ( Figure 2 C). 37 of these 176 associations, representing 15% of all associations, have a slope with a genome-wide significant p value ( p < 5 × 10 − 8 ), constituting a more stringent criterion (strong and moderate evidence in Figure 2C).

In addition, four other modules were nominally significant (p < 0.05) for the association with exacerbations (royalblue n = 118, lightgreen n = 147, darkturquoise n = 73, darkgrey n = 65) (Additional file 2 : Table S4).

We repeated the analysis using both prevalent type 2 diabetes at baseline and incident type 2 diabetes during follow-up. We estimated the power that our study had to observe a nominally significant association ( p < 0.05) of each individual SNP or the genetic predisposition score with type 2 diabetes, based on the expected effect size (and its SE) of each individual SNP or the score on type 2 diabetes.

For associations with infections, we visualized the results of all allelic associations which had at least nominally significant p-values (P ≤ 0.05) with at least one infection category or with the “any infection” phenotype.

Using a nominally significant cut-off (cor > 0.50, p < 0.05), nine module-trait relationships emerged ( Figure 3d ).

Nominally significant predictive improvements ( LRT-p < 0.05) of fitting PRS GxE , over the PRS D effect alone, using summary statistics generated from both UKB and GS were detected for schizotypal personality, heart diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by proxy (Fig. 3b ).

CNTNAP2 , COMT , DBH , DCDC2 - KIAA0319 , DRD2 , DYX1C1 , and FOXP2 had nominally significant results (uncorrected P < 0.05) for multiple SNPs in the CLDRC.

We identified 74 nominally significant differentially methylated regions ( p < 0.05) in the mitochondrial genome, between anatomically separate cortical regions and the cerebellum in matched samples ( N = 3 matched donors).

The MR‐Egger test showed a nominally significant causal effect ( P <0.05) of CHD on a lower level of mtDNA CN (β=−0.030 [95% CI, −0.055 to −0.0045]; P =0.029) (Table S7 ).

The resulting p -values were considered nominally significant at p ≤ 0.05.

The majority of the hypomethylated (20/28) sites showed lower M-values in the SWD group as compared with the controls; accordingly, the majority (9/10) of the hypermethylated showed higher M-values in SWD (one site, cg13823003 from GRIN2C , with a nominally significant difference at P < 0.05, analysis of variance (ANOVA) (Supplementary Table S6 ).

Results were considered nominally significant at p < 0.05 (two-tailed).

Patients receiving etanercept monotherapy had less deterioration of PtGA and PtJP scores versus those assigned to methotrexate monotherapy, with a nominally significant treatment difference observed at almost all time points for PtGA and PtJP at weeks 12 and 36 ( p < 0.05; Fig. 1 ).

In total, we found 227 nominally significant ( P < 0.05) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the treated and control groups, with 23 DEGs significant after adjustment for multiple correction ( Fig. 2c , Table S2).

A 2‐sided P <0.05 was regarded as nominally significant, and a BH‐adjusted P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

When we restrict the comparisons to the European lead SNPs that are also nominally significant in the Hispanic sample (p < 0.05), the concordance is almost perfect: 100% for total cholesterol (19/19, p-value = 2 × 10 −6 ), 94.4% for HDL cholesterol (17/18, p-value = 7 × 10 −5 ), 100% for LDL cholesterol (15/15, p-value = 3 × 10 −5 ), and 100% for triglycerides (11/11, p-value = 5 × 10 −4 ) ( Supplemental File 4 ).

To detect excess significance bias, the Ioannidis test was used to examine whether the observed number of original studies with nominally significant ( p < 0.05) results (O) was larger than the expected number of original studies with nominally significant results (E) at α = 0.05.

Seven of the 10 polymorphisms showed nominally significant signals of association with MS (p<0.05) ( table 1 ).

Differentially methylation CpG sites The epigenome-wide differential methylation analysis revealed 26982 CpG sites that differed between obese and lean individuals with nominally significant p-values (p ≤ 0.05).

In total, 7/34 CpGs identified in the discovery cohort were nominally significant ( P < 0.05 and same direction of effect as the ARIC cohort results) (Additional file 4 : Table S3), and the effect sizes from the ARIC results and the validation meta-analysis were largely correlated ( R 2 = 0.36) (Fig. 2 ).

Three previously reported sites mapping into the genes MCM2 , EXOC3 , and JARID2 were significantly associated with one or more traits after correction for multiple testing ( P < 1.6e-03, Supplementary Data 12 ), and another seven showed nominally significant associations ( P < 0.05).

While the 19 exome-wide significant genes were not significantly associated (all p > 4.38 × 10 −4 , Bonferroni adjustment for 19 unique genes × 6 phenotypes) with any other tissue-specific fat components, we observed that nominally significant associations ( p < 0.05) generally shared the expected direction of effect on the primary and supplemental phenotypes ( Figures 2 and S3 ).

CSF and plasma levels of AMD and CSF levels of cystatin M showed nominally significant associations ( P < 0.05) with microbleeds in plasma ( Supplementary Table 6 ), in the same direction as significant associations with WMHs and WM-PVSs, respectively.