“nominally significant”

Notably, several KEGG “disease” or host-associated annotation categories (e.g., toxoplasmosis, small cell lung cancer, p53 signaling, influenza A, viral myocarditis, colorectal cancer) appeared among nominally significant features (all P ≈ 0.047) but displayed effect sizes close to zero.

CYP2C19 phenotypes showed a nominally significant association with TRD (χ 2 = 9.64, p = 0.047, Table 2 and Supplementary Table S6 ) in the whole sample, but not when limiting the analysis to patients treated with antidepressants with clinical annotations for CYP2C19 reported in ClinPGX ( Supplementary Table S7 ).

The superiority of the combination versus group B was nominally significant ( P = .047; 2-tailed t -test), but not versus the other groups (A versus C: P = .074; A versus D: P = .5).

The previously identified GWAS HV SNP (rs6581612) and the candidate BDNF SNP (rs6265) were nominally significant ( p = 0.047 and p = 0.041 respectively).

In the evaluation of the cumulative influence of the 29 HLA loci on atrophy metrics, adjusted models revealed a marginal correlation between higher HLAGB and decreased volume of hippocampus (β = −0.142, p = 0.063) and a nominally significant association with lower thalamic volume (β = −0.299, p = 0.047), although not upon multiple testing correction.

Comparing MDD responders and non-responders, nominally significant group by time interactions were observed for the nodal efficiency of left amygdala ( χ 2 = 3.394, p = 0.047; Cohen’s d = 0.585; 95% CI, 0.01–1.16) and λ ( χ 2 = 6.652, p = 0.009; Cohen’s d = −0.680; 95% CI, −1.19. to −0.16) (Supplementary Fig. 2a, b ).

A nominally significant effect of diagnosis on the relative peak area was found for 2 peaks, which were assigned to cortisone ( F =2.851, P= .047, f =0.42) and nervonic acid ( χ 2 =13.41, P= .0038).

A slightly stronger and nominally significant association was observed for intra-tumoral TIL levels (hazard ratio = 0.74, P = 0.047).

In the CHARGE-SpiroMeta cohort, rs4820911 and rs11030451 were nominally significant but both with an effect in the opposite direction of Lifelines (rs4820911:G, β ( se ): −14.3 (7.2) mL·y −1 , p=0.047; and rs11030451:C, β ( se ): 7.4 (3.6) mL·y −1 , p=0.04) ( supplementary table S2 ).

While this was nominally significant ( P = .047), it did not remain after adjusting for the 4 moderators tested (α = .0125; eTable 20 in the Supplement ).

We found that the association between the SNP m.16145G > A and LVEF was nominally significant ( P = 0.047).

An expanded covariate-adjusted sensitivity analysis ( Supplementary Table S4 ) in which the BIS post-intervention score was regressed on Group with baseline BIS, age, sex, and baseline SIQ-JR, FASM, CES-DC, and AQ as covariates yielded a nominally significant group coefficient (B = −2.908, SE = 1.447, p = 0.047, R 2 = 0.564); however, this finding does not eliminate the possibility of confounding by indication, as the clinical assignment variables most likely to produce confounding were not available in the retrospective dataset.

This was replicated in the sensitivity cohort, although age at menopause was nominally significant ( P = 0.047) (Additional file 1 : Table S6).

In our detailed examination of the COVID-19 hospitalization GWAS of the EUR ancestry from the UK Biobank ( Figure 1C ), we revealed the minor allele G of rs2106809 is protective against COVID-19 hospitalization, although its association was only nominally significant ( p = 0.047).

Diversity at two amino acid positions in SERA2 (aa93 and aa95) showed nominally significant age effects (aa93: −0.12 mismatches per year, quasi-Poisson model, P = 0.047; aa95: −0.39 mismatches per year, quasi-Poisson model, P = 0.032), but their statistical significance did not survive multiple-testing correction.

We observed greater within-pair difference in DNA methylation in cancer-discordant twins compared to healthy twins, with nominally significant effects at cg27094856 in AXL (healthy median 0.78 % vs. cancer median 1.44 %, P = 0.047), and near significant effects at cg02444695 near SASH1 (healthy median 1.48 % vs. cancer median 2.32 %, P = 0.091).

Lastly, we investigated the effect of the TBC1D4 –physical activity interaction on other cardiometabolic traits and found nominally significant effects on waist/hip ratio (β[interaction] = −0.00026 / [kJ kg −1 day −1 ], p = 0.047, n = 2872; ESM Table 2 ) and insulin sensitivity index (β[interaction] = 0.0024 / [kJ kg −1 day −1 ], p = 0.045, n = 2634; ESM Table 2 ).

In addition, IL-5 exhibited a nominally significant associations with right ventricular function, particularly with right ventricular stroke volume (RVSV; OR = 2.4489, 95% CI = 1.0113–5.9302, p = 0.0472, adjusted p = 0.461).

SCZ-PGS was not associated with slow spindle density (all p > 0.493), or slow spindle duration (all p > 0.135), and showed a nominally significant negative association with slow spindle amplitude at one PT (PT = 0.001, R 2 = 0.0283, p = 0.0472; Supplementary Tables S4–6)).

Nominally significant correlations were obtained for trails A (ρ=−0.36, p =0.048), indicating that reduced GM volumes across the nine implicated regions were associated with longer times (poorer performance) on this test ( Figure 4 ).

The SNP tagging EYA2 is nominally significant in ENIGMA2 ( P =0.048) with the same direction of effect.

Baseline scores for the placebo group were slightly lower than that for the treatment group, but only PSI was nominally significant ( p = 0.048).

Indeed, minor differences in populations with few and rare events may provide nominally significant results (e.g. p=0.048) which however appear quite unstable.

Nominally significant genetic correlations were also found between AD and T2DM ( r g = 0.155, p = 0.048), and ASD and MetS ( r g = 0.115, p = 0.002).

Mediation Analyses (Amyloid-Stratified Causal Framework) Across 721 SCFA–taxon combinations, one species ( Clostridiales bacterium within Oscillospiraceae ) showed a nominally significant mediation of valeric acid’s relationship with Aβ status (ACME p = 0.048) ( Figure 7 ; Supplementary Table S5 ).