“nominally significant”

Despite substantial estimated heritability, only variants in the GLRA3 gene have been genome-wide significantly associated ( p -value < 5 × 10 −8 ) with diabetic albuminuria, in Finnish individuals with type 1 diabetes; However, replication attempt in non-Finnish Europeans with type 1 diabetes showed nominally significant association in the opposite direction, suggesting a population-specific effect, but simultaneously leaving the finding controversial.

Results Fourty Five SNP-by-ETS exposure interactions with p -values <10 −4 were identified in the LifeLines study, two being replicated with nominally significant p -values (<0.05) in at least one of the replication cohorts.

Enrichment results from MSigDB hallmark pathway, GO biological process, MGI mammalian phenotype level 4, and ARCHS4 TFs co-expression with a P -value < 0.05 were considered nominally significant.

Of 41 BMI–SNP associations in AfA, HA and AsA adolescents, nine, three and five, respectively, were directionally consistent and nominally significant.

3 Overall, PRS captures the cumulative effects of multiple genetic risk variants (or “genetic burden”) for a particular phenotype, and often includes thousands of independent SNPs for its calculation (in other words, it includes several SNPs that were only nominally significant in the base GWAS, in addition to the few genome-wide significant ones).

Discussion In this randomized controlled trial, supplementation with omega-3 FA (1 g of EPA + DHA per day) caused several nominally significant changes in ECG parameters over 2-years of follow-up.

These differences were only nominally significant and lost significance after correction for the number ofcomparisons.

Of these, EFCAB13-DT, SGF29, TUFM, SULT1A2, KPNB1-DT, ACTA2, ATP2A1, SH2B1, KRT18P39, and INO80E were replicated in replication cohorts at the nominally significant level.

9 , 10 In a transmission disequilibrium test in Japanese families showing autism, the results of haplotype analysis, excluding the rs6265, by using the sliding window method showed nominally significant associations. 12 However, in an association study of BDNF polymorphisms in Chinese autistic patients, the frequency of the rs6265 polymorphism was not significantly different from that of the control individuals. 32 Similarly, the present study failed to identify an association between ASDs and the rs6265 polymorphism.

P -values were not adjusted for multiple hypothesis testing and p <0.05 was considered nominally significant.

Phylum Synergistetes was significantly increased in T2DM compared to nonDM, however this was nominally significant after FDR correction ( Table 2 ).

Nominally significant polygenic signal for the meta-analysis of unrelated AA individuals was observed based on LDSR with scores computed from 1000 Genomes African populations (z = 2.12, p = 0.017), but the quantitative estimate of h 2 g was unstable depending on the choice of reference panel, reflecting the challenge of correctly specifying LDSR and robustly modelling LD for the AA population ( Supplementary Information A11 ).

Moreover, results with p -values of 3.5 × 10 −5 to 0.05 were considered nominally significant.

However, the methylation at 13 CpG sites remained nominally significant after adjusting with the respective SNP, indicating that differential DNA methylation at these sites is not purely dependent on the underlying genetics, and other factors – such as environmental factors – could be involved.

Formal interaction tests were nominally significant for albumin stratum and inflammatory markers (e.g., CRP > 100 mg/L, procalcitonin > 2 ng/mL).

As the associations with the PRS of EA showed substantial ( I 2 = 0.76598, P Q = 0.00504) heterogeneity, we further conducted random effects models to examine if the association with HS remains significant when accounting for this heterogeneity, resulting in a nominally significant association (EA: P random = 0.00765).

Thus, H 0,1 would be rejected if the tests of H 0,1234 , H 0,123 , H 0,124 , H 0,134 , H 0,12 , H 0,13 , H 0,14 and H 0,1 were all nominally significant at level α .

Nevertheless, the absence of correction for multiplicity may be viewed as a limitation, as it increases the risk of Type I error and may lead to overinterpretation of nominally significant findings.

Another study reported nominally significant GEIs with alcohol consumption for rs16892766 at 8q23.3 ( EIF3H ), rs719725 at 9p24.1 ( UHRF2 ), and rs9929218 at 16q22.1 ( CDH1 ) in a case-only analysis and in rs3802842 in both case-only and case-control analyses [ 6 ].

Regression analyses suggested (although only nominally significant) that emotional traumatic events might be of special interest when studying environmental risk factors associated with an early occurrence of BD.

This association was nominally significant in white participants ( P -value nom = 0.004), but did not remain significant after correction for multiple testing ( Table 2 ).

Variables related to drug use comprised over 50% of the nominally significant predictors of opioid cessation in AAs (29 of 41) and EAs (27 of 50).

Six variants demonstrated a nominally significant association with LC risk, including three SNPs in miRNAs ( miRNA‐146a rs2910164, miRNA‐499 rs3746444, and miRNA‐27a rs895819) and three SNPs on miRNA‐related biosynthesis genes ( AGO1 rs595961, GEMIN4 rs7813, and GEMIN4 rs910924).

In the case of the variant rs6853192, the T allele showed a nominally significant association with shorter sleep duration as well.

After a step-wise analysis to delineate the conditionally independent HLA allele associations (see Methods ), only DQB1*06:02 remained nominally significant.