“nominally significant”

Given the exploratory nature of our study and the large number of models for the 6 outcomes and 11 plasma AGEs and oxidation markers, no adjustment for multiplicity was performed, and associations with p values <0.05 were considered nominally significant.

Only proteins that passed FDR correction, were nominally significant in the MR-Egger (run only for trans pQTL to correct for potential pleiotropy) and had an MR estimate in the same direction as in our differential abundance analysis were considered significant.

Association of KIAA0319 with reading related traits Nominally significant associations were detected with several traits (Table 3 ).

These analyses could only be performed in a smaller proportion of the patients with available flow cytometry data and showed nominally significant results.

Moreover, four loci were nominally significant in our data set, including SNPs in the extended MHC as well as NT5C2, PTGFR and CACNA1C .

Number needed to vaccinate (NNV) was calculated for all significant and nominally significant findings.

In patients, the multimodality RVI showed significant correlation with patients' scores on the visual learning and working memory domains and the total neurocognitive score and nominally significant suggestive correlations with all other domains.

However, we observed nominally significant protective effects for less-studied nutrient-related traits, including magnesium, calcium, retinol, and vitamin E.

The level of statistical significance was set at 0.004 and P values between 0.004 and 0.050 were considered as nominally significant.

Moreover, 58% (22/38) of PRS tests among EA individuals were nominally significant.

Significant values that were no longer significant after FDR multiple testing correction were named “nominally significant”.

Nominally significant associations, in contrast, although far from uniformly distributed, were found across the genome, indicating that most are likely to be spurious even after confounding has been reduced statistically.

Twenty-three regions also demonstrated a nominally significant relationship with remission status, but these findings did not remain significant after correction for multiple comparisons.

The nominally significant results we found did not survive Bonferroni correction.

Upon stratifying for ethnicity, we observed that only two of the nominally significant associations passed multiple testing adjustments, namely, the association of rs4640402 with increased TG and rs880427 with decreased HDL-C concentrations in the Ghanaian population.

In exploratory, unadjusted analyses, a nominally significant association was observed between ESR and delayed recall; however, the effect size was very small, and the result should be interpreted cautiously given the exploratory nature of the analysis and the lack of adjustment for multiple comparisons. 4.3 Limitations This study has several limitations that should be considered when interpreting its findings.

Of the nominally significant effects, only 49 (0.8%) and 71 (1.4%), respectively, showed opposite directionality of effect relative to our study ( S1 Table ).

UPDRS assessments (UPDRS Part II and III) showed nominally significant improvement from baseline, particularly with 24-hour ND0612 infusion ( Table 2 ).

Three variants overlapped between the 29°C and slope analysis (see Supplementary Table S5 for list of nominally significant variants).

154 of these 155 proteins were also measured in the replication cohort and among these 154 proteins, 92.2% (142/154) were nominally significant also in the replication cohort ( Table 1 ) and 85.1% (131/154) remained significant after multiple hypothesis correction ( Table S2 ).

All tests were two-sided and P < 0.05 was considered as nominally significant.

For all of the 15 sphingomyelins measured in PIVUS, ULSAM, and TwinGene, all the associations went in the same direction as for sphingomyelin (30:1), and four of them were nominally significant (Supporting Information, Table S6 ).

Nonetheless, several trends of interaction and a few nominally significant interactions between the assigned treatment and stratification variables may yield overall significant effects when transposed to a much different target population.

In addition to structural findings, an fMRI study found a nominally significant, positive correlation between READ1d and the activation in the left paracentral lobule during processing of printed non-words [ 41 ].

However, even nominally significant associations would not remain significant after Bonferroni correction, pointing to the need of large, well-characterized cohorts for studying the important questions of IBD genetic risk and disease course and treatment.