“nominally significant”

For compass orientation, all ANOVAs produced nominally significant results (falls: F 5, 1372 = 3.12, p = .0082; standards: F 5, 1372 = 2.31, p = .042; style branches: F 5, 1374 = 2.60, p = .024).

We considered a statistical test with an observed two-sided p value <0.05 as nominally significant evidence for a potential, but yet to be confirmed, causal association; and an observed two-sided p value <0.0083 as statistically significant evidence for a causal association. 31 All analyses were conducted with R V.3.5.1 (R Development Core Team).

The associations in MC4R (combined MAF = 0.79%, minimum P = 2.7 × 10 −10 , odds ratio = 2.07, 95% confidence interval = 1.65–2.59) and PAM (combined MAF = 4.9%, weighted P = 2.2 × 10 − 9 , odds ratio = 1.44, 95% confidence interval = 1.28–1.62) result largely from effects of the previously identified coding variants in these genes, although the MC4R signal remained nominally significant after removing Ile269Asn ( P = 8.6 × 10 −3 ; Supplementary Fig. 7 ) and the PAM signal remained nominally significant ( P < 0.05) after removing the 35 strongest individually associated PAM variants (Supplementary Fig. 8 ).

18 Although the cohort of East Asian meta‐analysis showed a nominally significant protective effect of His13 in HLA‐DRβ1 ( P = 0.0086), its association was not observed in the Japanese cohort ( P = 0.69).

Four SNPs near QKI showed nominally significant association with MI (p-value<8.8×10 −3 ) and three exceeded the genome-wide significance threshold when Stage I and Stage II results were combined (top SNP rs6941513: p = 6.2×10 −9 ).

When GS was left out, 11 out of the 15 tested CpG sites remained nominally significant ( P < 8.91 × 10 −3 ).

Males showed a nominally significant positive association in the blue (β = 0.103, P = 0.009), brown (β = 0.084, P = 0.032), and yellow modules (β = 0.082, P = 0.038) indicating that lower levels of the blue, brown, and yellow module metabolites were associated with AD and MCI progression in brain component 4.

Nonetheless, two pathways were nominally significant (eTable 6): drug metabolism ( p = 0.009) and pyrimidine nucleoside catabolic processes ( p = 0.04).

We also assessed eight pancreatic cancer risk loci identified in Chinese and Japanese individuals in our data and noted one nominally significant locus in the combined PanScan and PanC4 results (6p25.3, rs9502893, OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.92–0.97, P = 0.009: Wald test; Supplementary Table 6 ).

Notably, although sex and GCS showed nominally significant interactions ( P = 0.009 and 0.014, respectively), these were not adjusted for multiple comparisons and should be considered hypothesis-generating.

We observed that rare damaging variants in CYP1A2 displayed the strongest nominally significant associations with higher clozapine (β = 0.324, SE = 0.124, P = 0.009, R 2 = 0.233 %) and norclozapine (β = 0.320, SE = 0.115, P = 0.005, R 2 = 0.235 %) concentrations.

Furthermore, we detected an individual nominally significant effect of the originally GWAS-identified SNP rs1344706 on SPQ disorganization factor (β = .022, P = .009, corrected P FDR = .081).

A nominally significant model-adjusted difference of 19.1% (95% CI 5.2–33.1%, p=0.009) was observed in the predefined 70–79 years subgroup, but this was not confirmed in Part 2 (n=350 randomised) where the model-adjusted difference was 0.9% (95% CI −9.3–11.2%, p=0.86).

However, TUBB qPCR results cannot be confirmed by RNAseq results, but TUBB is in RNAseq nominally significant between 1P and 31P ( p = 0.009).

Additional nominally significant pairwise interactions were identified with hyperglycemia (OR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.14–2.37; p = 0.009), hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.24–5.41; p = 0.011), and low HDL cholesterol (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.12–4.11; p = 0.042), whereas the five-way interaction did not reach statistical significance (OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 0.88–6.96; p = 0.086).

The IVW analysis indicated a nominally significant association between genetically predicted folic acid levels and RAU risk (odds ratio [OR] = 2.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–3.50, P = .009).

We observed a nominally significant association between the AGGGGA haplotype and prostate cancer risk ( P =0.009).

Unexpectedly, not even TREM2 showed a gene-wide significant association in our SKAT-O analysis of ADSP, despite being nominally significant (p = 9x10 -3 ).

As a negative control, objective sedentary time did not predict other biomarkers presumably unrelated to physical fitness, such as sunscreen usage (β=−8.42e-6; 95% CI −2.89e to 5,1.20e0; P= .42); however, objective MVPA was nominally significant (β=−1.13e−4; 95% CI −1.79e−4 to 4.72e−5; P =.009).

In contrast, we observed significant enrichment for coronary artery disease (CAD) heritability in SGBS D0 (z-score = 2.8, P<2.9x10 -3 ) and adipose tissue (z-score = 3.3, P<5.4x10 -4 ), with weaker and still nominally significant enrichment in D4 (z-score = 2.4, P<9.0x10 -3 ) and D14 (z-score = 2.3, P<0.01); the lack of enrichment in preadipocyte-dependent and adipocyte-dependent peaks may be due to their low genomic coverage.

Although nominally significant associations emerged for the right lateral ( β = −0.45, t = −2.83, p = 0.009), the right basal ( β = −0.35, t = −2.29, p = 0.03) and the right central ( β = −0.34, t = −2.62, p = 0.01) nuclei, none of these associations remained significant after correction for multiple comparisons.

Interestingly, after adjusting for the APOE variant (rs7412), rs1160983 remained nominally significant (P = 9.10 × 10 −03 ) with LDL.

A similar situation was encountered in APOE , where one STR (chr19:44910674) showed a change in P value from merely nominally significant ( P = 9.33E−03) to genome-wide significant ( P = 4.67E−23) (Supplementary Data 10 ) after conditioning on rs429358 (“e4-allele” in APOE ).

Linolenate had a nominally significant association with plasma 25(OH)D concentrations at age 1 ( P -value = 9.48 × 10 −3 ), and was significantly associated with 25(OH)D concentration at age 3 ( P -value = 1.52 × 10 −4 , below ENT80).

The results showed a nominally significant positive causal relationship between COPD and daytime napping (OR = 1.010, 95% CI: 1.002-1.017; p = 0.0096).