“nominally significant”

This is so even if in some studies (mainly retrospective, post hoc or using predefined but nominally significant ‘secondary’ outcomes) it seems that the mortality rates are reduced by the achievement of certain targets or the use of certain drugs [ 56–61 ].

After accounting for multiple comparisons across the reported bivariate tests, the total attitude/stance score remained the most robust association, whereas other nominally significant findings were interpreted as exploratory.

[ 33 ] Associations with P ≤ 0.050 were considered nominally significant.

15 However, the control group—who received non-optimised dorsolateral prefrontal cortex stimulation—also showed nominally significant, though less prominent, improvements in social outcomes.

Nominally significant effects were carried forward to a multiple mediation model to estimate direct and indirect effects on four measured AUBs (frequency, quantity, alcohol use disorder symptoms [AUDsx], and maximum drinks in 24 h).

Multiple comparisons were addressed using the false discovery rate (FDR), with FDR < 0.05 considered statistically significant and FDR < 0.2 considered nominally significant. 10 Metabolite set enrichment analysis (MSEA) was used to evaluate associations between metabolite classes and hip fracture risk. 30 We calculated the normalised enrichment scores (NES), which typically range from −3 to +3, along with the FDR values in the MSEA analysis.

At week 52 of the TULIP-1/TULIP-2 treatment period, a higher proportion of patients attained DORIS remission with anifrolumab versus placebo regardless of IS history; the improved rates of DORIS remission with anifrolumab were nominally significant in both IS-inexperienced and IS-experienced patients.

We then used PanPhlAn3 47 to analyze the gene repertoire of the seven species that were detected in at least 10 tCeD cases and 10 controls and showed at least a nominally significant association between analysis group and interindividual strain distance or strain cluster distribution (see partition around medoids (PAM) clustering below).

At week 12 and W24 there were nominally significant reductions in total ceramides, consistent with a reduction in inflammation, likely due to the weight loss or reduction in insulin resistance accompanying ML treatment.

Although there were nominally significant SNPs in the LTA , ESR1 and INSR genes, results were not significant after correction for the number of SNPs tested within the respective genes.

We used the Chi-square test to compare nominally significant variables and the ANOVA test to evaluate continuously significant variables.

The presented P -values are unadjusted and considered nominally significant as the cutoff for genome-wide significance is < 1 × 10 − 8 .

However, working memory’s significant association with anorexia nervosa increased after the same adjustment, and it gained a significant association with schizophrenia as well as nominally significant associations bipolar disorder and anxiety.

Because the sample size was limited (although still among the largest of such studies in the field), we used raw p-value < 0.05 as threshold for nominally significant differential expression (supplementary Table 1 ).

Furthermore, a p ‐value of 0.05 was regarded as nominally significant.

Nonetheless, the uneven distribution of the nominally significant results between the Ambiguous (9/25) and Angry (0/25) speaks against a chance nature of these findings, as confirmed by the Monte-Carlo simulations.

Although none of the SNPs in the discovery cohort achieved genome-wide significance, 10 of the 50 SNPs carried forward for replication approached genome-wide significance and were also at least nominally significant in the replication cohort; the replicated SNPs are shown in Table 2 .

Therefore, the nominally significant results should be interpreted with caution and need to be validated in our planned new phase 2/3 trial.

There was also a nominally significant interaction between sex and the effect of sacubitril/valsartan on emergency department visits, with a greater effect in women, but this was based on small numbers of events and not supported by another exploratory analysis of outpatient worsening leading to intensification of therapy.

C/C subjects had significantly lower performance on motor speed, verbal fluency (all of which were significant after controlling for multiple tests), attention/processing speed, and reasoning/problem solving (nominally significant) compared to T allele carriers.

Briefly, the variant nominally significant at the univariable model was censored in the SKAT-O variant count matrix and included as a covariate in the SKAT-O modeling.

Within the regions of NR3C2 and CDH5 , which are two previously reported putative susceptibility genes for CSC ( 15 , 17 ), rs10519952 in NR3C2 ( P = 0.030) showed nominally significant association with choroidal thickness in our GWAS discovery stage ( SI Appendix , Figs.

In addition, we report additional protective variants at IL23R , and identify an excess of additional nominally significant variants in MUC19 , PTPN22 , and C1orf106 .

However, this association was only nominally significant, prompting evaluation of additional patients as well as additional potential genetic loci.

That said, a pair of adjacent bins in bipolar disorder (10.2 and 10.3) and 2 pairs of adjacent bins in schizophrenia (3.4 and 3.5, 6.5 and 6.6) were implicated by nominally significant GSMA findings.