“nominally significant”

A signal was considered to replicate if: i) it met our Bonferroni corrected gene-level significance threshold ( p <1.32x10 -7 ); ii) >2 variants were tested; iii) it was nominally significant ( p <0.05) in the unadjusted test for WGS (i.e. without adjusting for correlated traits).

Nominally significant correlations between OBP and 24-h ABPM were also reported by five studies (all comparisons, r = 0.46–0.69, P < 0.05 to P < 0.001) [ 19 , 24 , 29 , 41 , 45 ].

This showed that 16 of the 28 gene groups showed evidence of similarity; 12 for growth, 10 for HPO (6 overlap with growth) significant at p < 0.05 after Benjamini Hochberg correction, and 1 for development nominally significant at p < 0.05 (overlaps growth and HPO).

A small proportion of associations and interactions with sex were nominally significant at P < 0.05 but not the more conservative 0.001 threshold; these may reflect a degree of type-1 error.

At a nominally significant level ( p -value < 0.05), there were 7750 (29.20%) heritable probes from 6603 unique genes.

These pathways are potential novel associations with the Target Disease, which we checked by measuring enrichment of nominally significant SNPs (p < 0.05) in those genes from among the Target GWAS.

Results: In study 1, four SNPs showed nominally significant association ( P ≤0.05) with OS; two of these SNPs (rs1126647, rs4073) in IL8 were associated ( P ≤0.05) with OS in study 2.

For associations without this information reported in the umbrella reviews, we recorded the information necessary to make the appropriate calculations and classifications: total number of cases, largest study reporting a nominally significant result (P<0.05), 95% prediction intervals, I 2 value, Egger regression asymmetry test, and evidence of excess significance.

There are a total of 74 splicing sites were found to have associations with prostate cancer at the nominally significant level threshold (P < 0.05) with P-HEIDI > 0.01 in the Qi et al. cohort and 14 splicing sites in the GTEx V8 cohort.

Association results for the published GWAS hits for breast and colorectal cancer were nominally significant at P <0.05 for 4/39 colorectal cancer-associated SNPs and 5/99 breast cancer-associated SNPs ( S2 Table and S3 Table ).

However, in successive models of Model 3 and 4 (addition of POAG established and suspected risk factors), and Model 5 (further adjust for co-morbidities), we observed that while no metabolite exhibited significance at the NEF < 0.2 level (except for LPC(16:0) in Model 3), all were nominally significant and the direction of associations for the metabolites was similar ( p < 0.05).

Subsequently, we included all nominally significant determinants ( P < .05) as covariates in the multivariable models in each cohort independent of their effect estimates.

Post hoc contrasts revealed that REM theta energy shows a negative statistical trend with the response of the anterior–superior hypothalamus (t = −1.81; p = 0.07) and a positive nominally significant association with the response of the posterior hypothalamus (t = 1.90; p = 0.05; Figure 2 A,B).

We defined this set as cis -eQTLs identified in LCLs or transformed fibroblasts in GTEx ( FDR < 0.05), which were not even nominally significant ( P > 0.05) in GTEx breast tissue.

KEGG enrichment analysis based on these FDR-significant metabolites yielded pathway distributions similar to those obtained using nominally significant metabolites ( P < 0.05), again highlighting purine metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and nucleotide metabolism (Additional file 2: Fig.

Since changes of the methylation patterns appeared to be dominant in the field effects, we identified the nominally significant pathways with the methylation enrichment p-values < 0.05.

The conditional analysis shows that 45 (including 42 genes) out of the total 74 (~60.8%) unique associations are still nominally significant when conditioned on known GWAS variants ( p < 0.05, Supplementary Table S4 ).

Average methylation values for each cytosine within the Fr_BAG5_APOPT1 fragment by group and haplotype and nominally significant p -values ( p < 0.05) for every analysis conducted are given in Supplementary Table S5 .

CSF Markers and Clinical Variables Bivariate correlation analyses revealed a significant relationship between semantic fluency and α‐synuclein that withstood correction for multiple testing ( r = −0.53, P = 0.003) as well as nominally significant associations ( P < 0.05) between semantic fluency and IL‐6, ACE‐R and IL‐6, and age and both IFN‐γ and IL‐1β (Table S2 ).

Model 4 constrains the MZ pair correlation to be twice the correlation for DZ and sister pairs combined, and the comparison of the log-likelihoods with those of Model 2 shows that, except for Cirrocumulus , there was at least nominally significant evidence that the MZ correlations were more than twice the corresponding correlations for DZ and sister pairs combined (all p ≤ 0.05).

In total, 18 (CRNN, DDX3X/DDX3Y/DDX4, DESP, DHB4, DSG3, ELAF, GBP6, K1C14, K1C16, K2C1, LEG7, PKP1, PKP3, PLAK, SPR1A, SPR1B, SPR2A, and TGM1, Figure 2 ) of these 207 proteins were found to have nominally significant ( p < 0.05, Wilcoxon ranked sum test) differences in abundance levels between cases and controls.

31 Throughout the text, we refer to results as ‘nominally significant’ if they meet the threshold of p < 0.05 prior to FDR correction.

Additionally, we examined the nominal P values of the tests to which we applied the FDR corrections, considering tests that were nominally significant ( P < .05) but did not meet the FDR correction to facilitate further exploration of possible gut microbial signatures.

A few traits exhibited nominally significant associations ( p < 0.05), but the effect directions were inconsistent across traits and sensitivity analyses (weighted median, MR Egger) did not uniformly support these findings.

All 15 representative traits remained nominally significant (p<0.05) and showed consistent effect directions between marginal and conditional analyses ( Supplementary file 1 ).