Excerpts

Combined with the Icelandic data, the overall association is highly significant ( P = 5.5 × 10 −17 , OR = 1.29 for rs214782; Table 1 , Supplementary Material, Table S4 ).

While no pathways were identified as over-represented in the HeH and dic(9;20) subtypes, a highly significant association ( P = 5.7 × 10 −17 , after correction) was found with neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction in the TCF3-PBX1 subtype (online supplementary Table 2 ).

The model exhibited a highly significant statistical relationship ( p = 6.483 × 10 −17 ) and moderate correlation ( r = 0.67), indicating that days with higher emissions were consistently associated with elevated surface PM2.5.

Given the highly significant positive association (Spearman’s 0.64, p = 6.5 × 10 −17 ) between hip BMDs and body mass index (BMI) (Supplementary Fig. 2 ); and other BMI-correlated physical parameters, including body weight and waist circumference in this population, we performed additional analyses on the two subgroups based on BMI: 82 lean women with normal BMI (18.5–24.9 kg m −2 ), and 51 obese women with higher BMI (≥25.0 kg m −2 ).

The Chi-square test of independence disclosed a highly significant statistical association between molecular groups and genetic alterations (χ2-test of independence, P = 6.72 × 10 − 17 ).

We found a highly significant between-group difference in EASE total score ( t = 12.73, df = 44.95, P = 0.7 × 10 –16 , 95% CI = 15.05 to 20.71), as well as in all 5 domains, with higher EASE total scores in the Sd group than in the As/ASD group.

These distinctions are highly significant ( P = 7.07 × 10 −17 between TN and FN + FP, P = 2.07 × 10 −19 between TP and FN + FP).

All NB histopathology types (64 out of 64) were correctly assigned according to the 7-GeneSig, and the inter-rate reliability of assignments was highly significant (Kappa measure of agreement p = 7.489E-17, Table 2 ).

The increased dynamic range was highly significant across units (paired t test, P = 7.5e-17, t = -8.6, df = 442).

For each overlap, the hypergeometric test was applied, and all overlaps were found to be highly significant ( Supplemental Figure 7B ; hypergeometric test P values from proximal to distal bins, DMRs: P ≈ 7.7 × 10 –17 , P ≈ 2.5 × 10 –33 , P ≈ 1.8 × 10 –16 , P ≈ 5.1 × 10 –13 ; DARs: P ≈ 4.1 × 10 –47 , P ≈ 1.3 × 10 –64 , P ≈ 1.2 × 10 –33 , P ≈ 7.9 × 10 –36 ).

This study not only found linkage to 4q23 but also identified extremely significant associations (p = 8.0 × 10 −17 ) with variants in or near the nearby gene UGT8 , though it is not yet clear whether the causal variants driving this signal have been identified 17 .

The results for a panel of the 12 genes were in good agreement with the LongSAGE data (Table 2 ) and there was a highly significant correlation (r = 0.79, p = 8.52E-17) between the two techniques.

By contrast, the global expression pattern showed a highly significant association with post conception age (Kruskal Wallis test, p = 8.592 ×10 -17 , Fig. 1b ) demonstrating a more prominent contribution of the developmental stage to the observed changes in gene expression than differences attributed to regional variations.

The respective amino acid sequence (ERKA) was found to be highly significant and positively associated with IA-2A positivity (OR 2.15, P = 8.83 * 10 −17 ).

We also observed in the ventricle a spatial, very highly significant overlap for regions where both epigenetic marks decreased ( p < 9x10 −17 ).

PPI enrichment analysis was highly significant (P < 1.0e-16; Fig 5B ), indicating that the observed interaction density was greater than expected by chance and suggesting coordinated involvement of these genes in bladder cancer–related pathways.

Starting with the GO gene sets, we found a highly significant enrichment in genes related to the innate immune response particularly (p = 1.×10 −16 , FDR = 1.36 × 10 −12 ).

Despite the different experimental conditions, we found a highly significant overlap (odds ratio [OR] = 27, P < 10 −16 ) ( Fig. 1 C).

The global mediation test reveals a highly significant result ( p < 10 − 16 ) and low neutralization rate (21%), confirming that CT imaging strongly mediates the effect of PRS on FEV1.

For statistical evaluation, we computed the mean Spearman correlation ( ρ ) between predicted and measured gene expression profiles on held-out genes for each tumor type and obtained mean ρ = 0.384 ± 0.016 for PSIONIC, a highly significant result ( P < 10 −16 , one-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank test).

While the correlation between studies was moderate (0.36), it was highly significant ( P < 1 × 10 − 16 ), demonstrating that a high degree of APP co-splicing across the genome was reproduced between studies.

Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis revealed a highly significant network connectivity among these proteins ( p < 1.0 × 10 −16 ).

After removal of disconnected nodes, the refined network consisted of 267 nodes and 1154 edges, with an average degree of 8.64 and a highly significant PPI enrichment ( P < 1.0e-16).

Hub genes from PPI network Key targets were imported into the STRING database to construct a PPI network comprising 236 nodes and 3,711 edges, with highly significant enrichment ( p < 1.0 × 10 −16 ).

One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the cluster size as the factor variable found that both results are highly significant ( P < 10 −16 ).