Excerpts

As expected based on previous studies ( 8 , 19 ), we found a highly significant association between DNM rate per individual and paternal age (linear regression, R 2 = 0.410, P < 2.98 × 10 −162 ) ( SI Appendix , Fig.

When test and training data were from the same day, estimates of mouse location were excellent (median error nearly always <7 cm) and highly significant compared to shuffled test data ( P <10 -160 ; Kolmogorov-Smirnov test).

However, events which were marked by more than one reviewer had much higher skewCurve values than events marked by only one reviewer: the AUROC value between consensus and non-consensus events was 0.79, and the difference in medians was highly significant (p < 10 −160 , one-sided Wilcoxon Rank Sum).

Moreover, these introns display a highly significant reduction in SED compared to background groups (Fig. 3 c and Additional file 1 : Figure S3, p < 2.2 × 10 −160 , Wilcoxon rank-sum test).

Partial correlation analysis performed on the INO80 ChIP-seq and DRIP-seq data over RNA-seq data, indicated that the correlation between INO80 and R-loop enrichments remained highly significant when controlled for gene expression levels ( p = 5.5 × 10 −160 , Supplementary Fig. 10a–c ).

A total of 433 genes, representing 50% of differentially regulated genes between FEnS and AEnS, were similarly regulated in both sample sets ( Figure 4 A and Supplementary Worksheet 6 ), with a highly significant overlap in the gene set enrichment analysis ( P < 3.567e-159).

To assess enrichment, hypergeometric ratio testing was performed, demonstrating that the degree of overlap between these gene sets is highly significant at an adjusted p < 4.98 × 10 −158 .

In the subgroup comparison between the high LDL-C and CAD subgroups, a highly significant difference was observed for LDL-C ( P = 5.8×10 -158 ) because the high LDL-C subgroup was originally defined using LDL-C levels.

The extent of overlap was highly significant ( p = 1.32E-157 and p = 2.09E-200 for genes associated with COO-unclassified DLBCL or COO class, respectively).

We also note that due to the statistical power of the study some highly significant associations may not be as clinically impactful due to small effects sizes (e.g., age with OR = 1.01; p = 2.61 × 10 − 157 for survey question 1).

There was a very highly significant ANOVA [ F (95, 408) = 40.34, p = 3.689e −157 ].

For OtV-type 2a, Ka​/Ks ratios were consistently >1 across all models, with highly significant P -values (average of ω = 1.3 and a P -value = 3e-155), indicating strong diversifying (positive) selection.

Using the same Mann–Whitney U test, we find a corrected p -value to be highly significant when comparing LD-18 and HD-18 samples ( p -value = 4.78–153).

A highly significant sex effect (min p=2.1 × 10 −151 ) and aging effect (min p=8.0 × 10 −44 ) were noted, together explained up to 21% of the variance per facial phenotype (e.g. between alares and Ls; Figure 1—figure supplement 2A–2C , Supplementary file 1 - Table 3).

In both cases, we found it to be highly significant (R = 0.92, p -value = 4.15 −151 for DNA and R = 0.98, p -value <8.7*10 −286 for RNA, Fig. 1d,e , respectively, Supplementary Data 2 ).

Interestingly, this trend is highly significant ( P < 10 -150 ) for all event lengths except for 3 bp, showing that degenerate codon positions evolved to reduce the indel propensity of frame shifting indels more than frame conserving mutations.

In particular, 22 and 17 elements were detected for microRNAs 128 and 138 MREs, respectively, with a highly significant enrichment ( P < 1E −150 , Supplementary Figure 3 and Supplementary Table 3 ).

H3K27ac/mC (Fisher’s two-tailed P = 6.5598e-292), H3K4me3/mC (Fisher’s two-tailed P = 3.0205e-273), and H3K4me3/H3K27ac (Fisher’s two-tailed P = 0) were commonly found pairs that were highly significant ( Figure 1B ), and the most frequent triplet marks were H3K4me3/H3K27ac/mC (Fisher’s two-tailed P = 4.8021e-150) and H3K4me1/H3K27ac/mC (Fisher’s two-tailed P = 7.8464e-17).

For five quantitative traits (BMI, DBP, FEV, RHR, and SBP), per-standard deviation (perSD) Beta values for rvPRS showed highly significant associations (max P = 1.21E-149; significance threshold P < 1.26E-04 = 0.05/18/22).

Although the overall results were highly significant for all methods, P values from the tests were the most significant for ReMM ( P = 1.5 × 10 −149 ), FATHMM noncoding ( P = 2.9 × 10 −121 ) and Eigen ( P = 2.5 × 10 −114 ), while P values for fitCons ( P = 6.0 × 10 −11 ) and GWAVA unmatched ( P = 7.3 × 10 −13 ) were the least significant, consistent with the AUC results.

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They discovered and validated a strong signal (p = 1.1 × 10 −10 ), at KCNJ2 , a locus that was also highly significant in our results (p = 4.2 × 10 −148 ).

The precision of this alignment was further quantified, showing a 74.5% overlap between high-risk and tumor cell categories, with McNemar’s test 84 demonstrating a highly significant association ( P = 3.54 × 10 −146 ) (Fig. 5 d), thereby supporting SIDISH’s accuracy in identifying cellular drivers of poor prognosis within their spatial context.

This overlap was determined to be highly significant ( p = 4.6 × 10 −146 , Fisher’s exact test) with an odds ratio of 43.0.

Furthermore, Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests comparing the absolute prediction errors of RINAMI and the baseline model showed highly significant performance differences across the three Mega‐scale test subdatasets, with p ‐values below 0.01 in all splits ( p = 5.95 × 10 −145 , p < 1.00 × 10 −300 , and p = 1.39 × 10 −25 ).