Excerpts

The univariate ANCOVA model applied (equation 2 ) revealed very highly significant differences between (1) the culinary oils investigated ( p < 10 −8 , with the exception of cis -2-alkenals for which p = 4.85 × 10 −3 ), and (2) sampling time-points ( p < 10 −8 ) for all aldehydes monitored.

The results show also a highly significant p value for vessel diameter in the DCP in SWS patients compared to controls ( p = 0.00000001) ( Table 2 ).

The difference is highly significant across repeated experiments with different set of random inputs ( p < 10 −8 , n = 10, paired t -test).

When combining our results across all seven taxa, we found that the overall pattern–i.e., more highly interconnected hub genes exhibited stronger evolutionary constraint–was highly significant (Fisher’s combined probability test, P < 1E-08 for both dN and ω [using CombinePValue; https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=CombinePValue ]; S2 Appendix ).

In cross 2, in which the EJ1 chromosome was present and the HR-h pathway was available, we saw highly significant decreases in HR-h repair in brca2 mutants ( P <1e −8 ) ( Figure 1 B).

cellulosilyticus exhibited a highly significant increase in abundance (p < 1 × 10 −8 ) in Apoe −/− mice, and R. intestinalis had a slightly higher (p = 0.025) relative abundance in mice gavaged with the combination of bacterial species compared to Apoe −/− control mice.

Statistical analysis showed that the increase in inter-click angle was highly significant ( Figure 2A , bottom: one-way ANOVA: F >71, p <10 −8 ; post-hoc t tests: p <10 −11 for comparing one-object experiments after locking versus no-object experiments; p <10 −6 for multiple-object experiments after locking versus one-object after locking).

Effects of the virus inoculated, the dpi, and the interaction virus-dpi were highly significant on virus accumulation variations (p < 10 -8 , Fisher-Snedecor's test).

Both the integrated fluorescence intensities, which represent the amount of DNA per nucleoid ( Figures 3B,D and Table 1 , columns 11 and 12), and the measurements of nucleoid lengths ( Table 1 , columns 13 and 14) indicate that the difference in DNA between small and large deeply-constricted cells at the fast growth rate is highly significant ( p < 10 -8 , as determined by a two-tail t -test); at the slow growth rate, the difference remains significant, but just barely ( p = 0.035).

Furthermore, we found a highly significant correlation (Spearman’s r = 0.76; p < 0.00000001) between uC5b-9/uCre and tissue glomerular C3 fragment deposition, measured by anti-C3 fragment immunostaining ( Figure S13 B), suggesting that uC5b-9/uCre is a urine biomarker of kidney tissue complement activation.

In contrast, HGP treatment induced a highly significant increase in WISP2 expression ( P < 10 −8 ) [ 40 ], but reduced IMF deposition [ 17 ], the opposite of what would be predicted based on the analysis of expression of WISP2 and the IMF 5 gene set genes in WxH and PxH genotype animals.

Furthermore, a highly significant association was found between the presence of the T allele and increased risk of lung cancer (p = 0.00000001), and the results are shown in Table 2 and Figure 1 .

Serum levels of 10 biomarkers correlated (r > 0.2, P < 0.05) with the level of fT4 and 12 with the level of TRAb (Supplementary Table). Six biomarkers showed a highly significant increase ( P < 1 × 10 −8 ) between patients with GD and HS ( Fig. 2 ), most significant for TNF receptor superfamily member 9 (TNFRSF9).

Because of this bias, PBIF modeling found a larger decrease in V T in cannabis smokers (−27% in the prefrontal cortex compared with −19% using full input), and the group×region interaction was statistically highly significant (F = 17.1, p = 0.00000001) ( Fig. 2B ).

We chose SNPs for the model that were highly significant and not in strong LD with each other (i.e., P < 10 -8 for r 2 between SNPs).

4b and Supplementary Data 2 ), which is highly significant (Binomial Test P -value < 10 −8 ) and suggestive of their functional importance.

PTPRD Many of the GWA studies discussed previously in this review identified clusters of SNPs with nominally significant associations (10 −2 > p > 10 −8 ) with drug dependence and addiction-related phenotypes [ 6 – 8 , 85 , 88 , 91 , 92 , 117 – 120 ].

All intereye correlations were highly significant ( P < 1x10 −8 ).

Two additional studies have demonstrated highly significant associations between rs1051730 and lung cancer (OR ≈ 1.3; P < 10 −8 ) but found either weak or no evidence of association with smoking behaviour, suggesting that further work is necessary to determine whether the variant has a role in disease susceptibility independently of smoking behaviour ( 15 , 16 ).

We found that G→T transversions were over-represented in both the maize and sugarcane evolution experiments, and that this over-representation was highly significant when either the MSV-Tas sequence dataset was analysed alone (chi square p < 10 -8 ) or when all the mutation data from both experiments were considered collectively (chi square p = 5.4 × 10 -7 ; Table 1 ).

Gene Ontology analysis of this cluster reveals a highly significant ( P ≤10 −8 ) number of genes that are associated with cell defense response ( Figure 5D ).

All bleaching groups exhibited a highly significant and greater whitening difference compared to the control group (data not shown; p < 0.00000001, as determined by Dunnett's post hoc test).

All enrichments for GO ontologies representing these six biological processes were highly significant; P <10 −8 .

All of these predictors gave highly significant ( P < 10 -8 ) improvements over random pairs.

The role of recombination in mixing the genetic pool of HCMV at the whole genome level is confirmed by a highly significant rejection of the pairwise homoplasy index (PHI) test ( Bruen et al. 2006 ; P < 10 − 8 ).