Excerpts

A Gene Ontology (GO)-based over-representation analysis using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) shows a highly significant greater than threefold enrichment of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity ( p = 2 × 10 −9 , Additional file 2 : Table S2).

We identified a highly significant upregulation of UBE2S and UBE2C in GBM tissues versus AS, ODG, and NT brain tissue ( UBE2C , F = 16.397, p = 2.04 × 10 − 9 ; UBE2S , ( F = 15.315, p = 7.09 × 10 − 9 ).

Cyclization properties, especially alicyclic, have a moderate but highly significant Pearson correlation (ρ = 0.33, p = 2.05 ×10 −9 between alicyclic and polycyclic, ρ = 0.36, p = 6.72 ×10 −11 between alicyclic and heterocyclic, and ρ = 0.21, p = 1.95 ×10 −4 between aromatic and heterocyclic).

The 95% confidence ellipse analyses revealed highly significant differences in AT skew distributions between PCG, D-loop, and rRNA ( p = 2.06 × 10 −9 ; Fig. 2 D), confirming that nucleotide asymmetry is region-dependent.

A prior RNA interference (RNAi) Target Sequencing (RIT-seq) screen revealed a highly significant ( P = 2.3 × 10 −9 ) over-representation of kinases, comprising three hits among the top seven in this screen; these were a putative mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK11, Tb927.10.12040), a putative MAPK kinase (MKK4, Tb927.8.5950) and a putative MAPK kinase kinase (STE11, Tb927.10.1910) [ 14 ].

This was a highly significant difference (paired t -test P = 2.3 × 10 −9 ).

In the whole population ( Table 3 ) we found a highly significant association between age (as continuous in years) and a lower taste perception for all tastes and for their sum (B = −0.070 (0.029) points/year age; p = 2.4 × 10 −9 ) even in the multivariate model (model 3) adjusted for sex, BMI, diabetes, smoking and medications.

This unbiased approach revealed a highly significant enrichment ( p = 2.44×10 −9 ) for the complementary seed match of miR-34 family (CACTGCC) in the cohort of most unregulated genes ( Fig. 5D ).

When using lifetime smoking index as exposure, the results showed a trend similar to that of the smoking initiation analysis (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.31–1.70; P = 2.5 × 10 −9 ; I 2 = 37%) ( Figure 3 and Supporting Information, Figure S1 ).

This assessment revealed highly significant correlations ( R = 0.46–0.74; range, P = 2.5 × 10 −9 to 6.0 × 10 −44 ) between datasets generated by the two methods ( Figure 4 ).

The effect of hpe was highly significant with both ZIKV detection methods (plaque assay, P = 2.65E−09; qRT-PCR, P = 4.13E−08); ZIKV titers differed by strain when measured by qRT-PCR ( P = 0.38) but not plaque assay ( P = 0.552).

The conditional correlation between sucrose and Tre6P was highly significant in the first experiment ( P =2.7×10 –9 ), significant for the sucrose addition series ( P =0.04), and highly significant for the glucose addition series ( P =6.9×10 –6 ) ( Table 1 ).

A highly significant association between the combined IL36RN genotypes and GT was observed (odds ratio [OR] 16.30, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] 5.57–47.68, P = 2.71E−9).

The t -test results revealed highly significant differences in archaeal proportions between sediment samples and both the seawater ( p = 2.9 × 10 −9 ) and sponge-associated microbiomes ( p = 2 × 10 −9 ).

Result Investigation of the relationship between cognitive impairment and ARHL subtypes identified a highly significant association with estimates of metabolic hearing loss ( p = 3x10 ‐9 ; OR[95%CI]=1.016[1.011,1.022]), whereas no significant association was observed with sensory hearing loss ( p = 0.35; OR[95%CI]=0.99[0.988,1.004]).

There was a highly significant location by population interaction ( p = 3 × 10 −9 , mixed linear model ANOVA) and differences were significant for pop3 vs. non-pop3 survival at Tohoku ( p = 0.041) and Miyazaki ( p < 0.020, mixed linear model ANOVA with Tukey multiple comparison test) (Supplementary Tables 2 – 5 ).

The difference (26, 248 hits, distributed among 8258 mRNA sequences) is highly significant (p = 3 × 10 -9 ) and suggests that about 1/4 of the total hits in this "10+ set" occur upon "true" biological mRNA targets.

Thus, a highly significant correlation ( P = 0.00000000301) between the required screw length and the gender of the patient could be established.

Genotype was also a highly significant determinant of daily activity ( P =3.2e-09, Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test).

Recently, a meta-analysis of existing genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and two new GWASs of over 12,496 cases and 18,190 controls of European ancestry produced highly significant evidence of a strong association between the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4252707 (G/A) and non-glioblastoma glioma ( p -value = 3.34 × 10 −9 , OR = 1.19) 18 .

19/19 in controls vs 1/19 in ASD) was highly significant (OR = 481, P = 3.35e‐9, CI = 18.4–12,570).

In support of that notion, we compared the predicted MaxEnt and U2AF35 scores for BRCA2 and VARS2 -derived sequences corresponding to our model 3′ss (but mutated to all possible variants in the exonic part) and found a highly significant correlation between these two scores (r = 0.658 and p = 3.4 × 10 −9 for BRCA2 ; r = 0.573 and p = 7.5 × 10 −7 for VARS2 ) ( Figure S2 ; Table S2 ).

The association remained highly significant after adjustment for age and stratification by cohort ( appendix ; hazard ratio 0·56 [95% CI 0·45–0·69]; LR test p=3·4×10 −9 ), and no evidence against the assumption of proportional hazards was noted, confirming the validity of the Cox regression model (test of Schoenfeld residuals 27 p=0·64).

Importantly, PAX7 target gene repression was also found to be a significant biomarker of FSHD status in each of the five microarray FSHD muscle biopsy studies independently, leading to a highly significant repression of PAX7 target genes on meta-analysis (Fisher’s combined test p = 3.5 × 10 −9 , Fig. 3c ).

The mean Z Δ G was 0.28 for genes with low CAI and 0.45 for genes with high CAI; the difference between these two groups was highly significant (two-sample t test, t = − 5.91, df = 4,159, P = 3.6×10 − 9 ).