Excerpts

Overall, the results exhibited a clear trend of the MAS level increasing with increasing simulated resistance (Spearman’s rank correlation ρ = 0.71, and p = 2.2E-16).

Based on paired t -test, we showed that the exponential regression model had highly significant mean R 2 accuracy than each of the existing methods (Holsteins: t = 584.8–37281; p < 2.2–16; Jerseys: 1178.5–5861.4; p < 2.2e-16).

The model revealed highly significant main effects of total body length (log 10 TBL) ( F = 3335.41, p < 2.2e‐16), indicating that mandible length strongly and predictably scales with overall body size.

Almost half of these genes (47%, 1,633/3,450) are present within our set of single-copy orthologs, which represents a highly significant enrichment (Fisher’s exact test P < 2.2 × 10 − 16 ).

The test revealed a highly significant enrichment of immune-related genes among the predicted candidates (p < 2.2e-16), with an estimated odds ratio of 48.6 (95% confidence interval: 31.6–78.3), indicating that immune genes were substantially overrepresented in the iM candidate list compared to housekeeping genes. 3.2 Validation of candidates To evaluate the iM-candidates, data from the GSE227616 dataset were compared with the identified candidates.

One notes highly significant terms for time (β-est. = 0.21, (95%C.I. 0.17, 0.25), p < 2.2 × 10 −16 ), monthly cannabis use (β-est. = 2.97, (1.91, 4.03), p = 8.2 × 10 −8 ), cannabis use quintiles (β-est. = 3.86, (2.45, 5.27), p = 1.2 × 10 −7 ), dichotomized cannabis use quintiles (β-est. = 3.54, (2.19, 4.89), p = 4.4 × 10 −7 ) and time: quintile interactions. 3.4.

The fitted model yielded LOD scores of 55.8, 41.1, and 45.7, and PVE values of 77.0%, 66.1%, and 69.9% in 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively, with all effects being highly significant ( P < 2.2 × 10−16) (Table S5 ).

Comparing the probeset response slopes predicted by our model with the slopes obtained from the Affymetrix tissue panel data, we detected a highly significant correlation both in mouse and human (Pearson correlation coefficient in mouse 0.528, P << 2.2 × 10 −16 , and in human 0.468, P << 2.2 × 10 −16 ).

Additionally, a Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a highly significant difference in ANI across the three comparison types (χ2 = 6,332.9, df = 2, P < 2.2e – 16).

Strikingly, ten of these hypermethylated AIMS-Seq amplicons were located in the gene promoter region of the downregulated genes ( Aqp4 , Axin2 , Atad5 , Brca1 , Fads1 , Lgr5 , Phgdh , Slc1a2 , Slit2 , St3gal3 ) belonging to the expression signature of the intestinal stem cell [ 7 ], which represents a highly significant enrichment (Fisher exact test, p value <2.2e-16).

The traits are much more correlated in both twin groups than in twin-spouse pairs or unrelated individuals (all comparisons were highly significant, p < 2.2e16).

A Wilcoxon signed rank test, which compared the ranks based on the two methods, was highly significant ( P < 2.2 × 10 −16 ).

As a result, we found a highly significant positive relationship between visual bleaching scores on Day 0 and Day 7 post-stress ( Fig 3A and S2 Table , linear mixed effects model, p < 2.2e -16 , marginal R 2 = 0.863, df = 44), such that VBS at Day 0 post-stress was highly predictive of VBS throughout the following seven-day period.

Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction revealed highly significant changes for old versus young cortex and hippocampus circRNA TPM values ( P < 2.2 E-16) ( Fig. 2d ).

A Wilcoxon rank sum test indicated a highly significant difference in fitness variation ( W = 3.2 × 10 8 and P < 2.2 × 10 −16 ), supported by Welch’s t test, which showed a lower mean absolute fitness difference for closely related homologs compared to distantly related homologs ( t = −63.5, df = 7,020, and P < 2.2 × 10 −16 ; table S9).

On the other hand, when we considered each individual base count independently, we observed that the count of G nucleotides specifically shows a stronger negative correlation (R = −0.22) than the C nucleotide count (R = −0.074) alone ( Figure S5 A), although both correlations are highly significant (P < 2.2 × 10 −16 ).

All correlations were highly significant (for all: P < 2.2 E-16; more details on performance estimates and model statistics, see Text S1 in the Supplementary Material).

The difference between the nuclear area of cells from infected and uninfected plants was highly significant (based on the Brown–Mood median test, p = 2.2e-16), and the nuclear area of cells from P. brassicae -infected plants was 2.8 times bigger based on the median size.

Indeed, we observed a moderate, though highly significant correlation between CDS length and fold change (FC) in translation (r 2 = 0.26; p < 2.2 × 10 −16 ), which produces a downregulatory effect for genes with long CDSs and, vice versa, an upregulatory effect for genes with short CDSs (Fig. 2 C).

Spearman’s correlation of the methylation levels obtained for the fully methylated and unmethylated HBV controls with Nanopolish and Guppy+Medaka indicated a highly significant correlation ( R =0.83, P <2.2 −16 ) ( Fig. 2e ).

Interestingly, we have observed a much higher number of negatively correlated mRNAs than positively correlated ones with the medians of 430 and 1,022 for the positively and negatively co-expressed transcripts respectively, and the trend towards negative correlation was highly significant ( p value <2.2E16, Wilcoxon signed rank test) (Fig. 2 e, Additional file 1 : Supplemental Table S4).

RNA-seq and CAGE of CdLS neurons showed highly significant overlap (Odds ratio = 11.86, P < 2.2e-16).

2d and e ) and the Pearson correlation of these DNAm changes is highly significant ( p < 2.2 × 10 −16 ).

For the 241 significantly differentially accessible regions there was a highly significant enrichment at regions marked as enhancers, compared to ‘All peaks’ ( p < 2.2 x 10 −16 ) or the genome-wide distribution ( p < 2.2 x 10 −16 ) of the chromatin state ( Figure 1d ).

The richness of species and genera were higher in the historic samples than in the recent samples, but proportions of endemic genera and species were lower in the historic samples ( table 2 ). Highly significant declines were documented both in the numbers of species ( p = 2.20 × 10 −16 ) and genera ( p = 1.13 × 10 −10 ) between the 1940s and the present ( table 1 ).