Excerpts

Figure 3 illustrates the interactome for DS3, featuring 257 edges, 57 nodes, an average node degree of 9.02, and a highly significant PPI enrichment p -value of <1.0 × 10 −16 .

Despite the different experimental conditions, we found a highly significant overlap (odds ratio [OR] = 27, P < 10 −16 ) ( Fig. 1 C).

Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis revealed a highly significant network connectivity among these proteins ( p < 1.0 × 10 −16 ).

There were highly significant differences in flowering ( F 3, 379.07 = 473.2, P < 1 × 10 −16 ) and green-up ( F 3,416.03 = 110.5, P < 1 × 10 −16 ) among the grandparents.

While the correlation between studies was moderate (0.36), it was highly significant ( P < 1 × 10 − 16 ), demonstrating that a high degree of APP co-splicing across the genome was reproduced between studies.

The association of ZEB1 with promoters as well as with CpG islands and exonic regions is highly significant at a genome-wide scale (p < 10 −16 , Supplementary file 1D [ Gubelmann et al., 2014 ]).

Hub genes from PPI network Key targets were imported into the STRING database to construct a PPI network comprising 236 nodes and 3,711 edges, with highly significant enrichment ( p < 1.0 × 10 −16 ).

The resulting network comprised 332 nodes and 1181 edges, with a highly significant PPI enrichment p -value < 1.0 × 10 −16 , indicating a non-random and biologically meaningful set of interactions.

The network comprised 65 nodes and 400 edges, with a highly significant PPI enrichment p-value of < 1.0 × 10−16(Fig. 1 B).

Across all 10‐kb windows in the genome, there was a weak but highly significant correlation in the distribution of Tajima's D values in the two clusters (Figure 4 b; Spearman's ρ = 0.25; p < 10 −16 ).

Enriched Biological Networks A total of 1311 unique protein targets were submitted to the STRING database for network enrichment analysis, yielding a highly significant PPI enrichment p -value < 1.0 × 10 −16 ( Supplementary File Sheet S13 ).

The fits showed a highly significant effect of light angle (p < 10 −16 ) on the perceived walking direction for both true walking directions (AWAY and TOWARDS).

Figure 4 puts the predicted ratios in the context of the training ratios, and Table S8 of the Supporting Information quantifies their correlations, elucidating a variety of trends: (1) no_resampling shows a positive trend between the training and the predicted ratio (Pearson’s r 95% CI: [0.440, 0.496], p < 10 –16 ), but since the training and the test ratio are also positively correlated ( Figure 3 ), the latter could be the one driving the predicted ratio of positives; (2) resampling_after_clustering had a constant

Moreover, using paired t tests to validate these differences, we found highly significant differences between the observed distributions of FD and PD and the null models ( P < 10 −16 , t test).

Next-generation sequencing in pooled samples from patients with Crohn's disease and controls identified additional independent risk variants in two of the known risk genes ( NOD2 and IL23R ), a highly significant association with a protective splice variant in CARD9 ( P < 1 × 10 −16 , odds ratio ∼0.29), and additional associations with coding variants in several genes ( IL18RAP , CUL2 , C1orf106 , PTPN22 and MUC19 ) ( Rivas et al. , 2011 ).

When we considered individual pathogenic CNVs that were not overlapped by benign CNVs (that is, exclusively pathogenic regions), a mean of 37.3% of the genes were developmental genes compared with 24.2% of benign CNV genes (medians 28.4% and 0%, respectively), a highly significant difference ( P <1.0 × 10 −16 , Mann–Whitney U -test).

The constructed PPIN comprised 44 molecular nodes interconnected by 296 edges, demonstrating highly significant interaction enrichment ( p = 1.0e-16).

Interaction network and functional enrichment of differentially abundant proteins The interaction network between the DAPs was highly significant (p-value < 10 −16 ), indicating that the DAPs are at least partially biologically connected (Fig. 2 ).

Accordingly, the removal of these functional factors leads to a highly significant association between GC content and recent positive selection (slope = 0.49; P < 1E−16; supplementary Results S3: table S4, Supplementary Material online).

All constructed PPI networks exhibited highly significant enrichment (PPI enrichment p -value < 1.0 × 10 −16 ), suggesting that the observed number of interactions is greater than expected by chance.

The correlation is weakly negative ( R S = −0.18) but highly significant ( p <10 −16 ) because the number of points is so large.

As illustrated in Figure 3 , there was a highly significant correlation between the genetic and transcriptome covariances for this set of genes ( r = 0.035, P = 1.0 × 10 −16 ; Figure 3 ).

This evidence of highly significant PPIs (actual edges = 1015, expected edges = 405, P < 1.0 × 10 −16 ) and highly ASD-relevant GO BP enrichment showcases a clear example of how the PFC sex*genotype DE genes are embedded within a complex systems-level biological pathology that integrates abnormalities along these key processes and pathways.

In particular, there was a highly significant overlap ( p < 1E-16, one-sided Fisher’s exact test) between the top 56 enriched cytobands from the CBTN cohort and a top set of 79 enriched cytobands from the PCAWG cohort, involving 29 cytobands (Figure S1e).

The heritability estimates for all subfields, displayed on the plot’s diagonal, were highly significant (all p -values < 1 × 10 −16 ), ranging from h 2 = 0.14 of the parasubiculum to h 2 = 0.27 for the hippocampal tail.