Excerpts

A chi square test with Monte Carlo simulation for the counting data resulted in a highly significant association between species and cultures with P = 0.0005, revealing that the ensemble was equivalent to more than one biocultural unit.

When we included latitude as a predictor in the model it explained additional variance to the temperature effect and both temperature, temperature 2 and latitude were highly significant independent predictors (e.g. for the January temperature effect the explained variance by temperature and temperature 2 was 16.8% (F 2,2648 = 268.0, p < 0.0005) and when latitude was included the explained variation increased to 20.1% (F 3,2647 = 221.98, p < 0.0005).

A highly significant negative correlation between changes in mydriasis and pupil size at rest could be observed both on the hypertonic (r = − 0.921, p < 0.0005, Y = − 1.269X − 0.010) and on the hypotonic side (r = − 0.800, p < 0.0005, Y = − 1.399X + 0.09).

This relationship was fit using gamma regression and a log link, the results of which were highly significant (p < 0.0005, Supplementary Fig.

The ANOVA results for tensile strength indicate that the quadratic model is highly significant (Model F = 35.51, p = 0.0005).

By 10–11 mo, the increase in visceral WAT in 3xTg-AD mice was highly significant (p = 0.0005, unpaired t-test, Fig. 1 g).

Differences were considered significant with a P-value below 0.05 (p < 0.05, *), highly significant (p ≤ 0.005, **) and extremely significant (p ≤ 0.0005, ***).

3C , and revealed highly significant changes as a function of gestational age (p < 0.0005) and mouse model (p < 0.0005).

We thus fitted the additive model, and, in this model, the method of density estimation was not significant (p = 0.1266) while the effect of the log.BodyMass was highly significant (p = 0.0005, conditional R 2 = 0.90).

A highly significant binomial GLMM (χ 2 ML = 33.24, N obs = 196, P < 0.0005; Table 1 ) revealed that, while controlling for the potentially confounding effects of age, sex, group size, the number of zoos a subject had lived in, and task identity, Sumatran subjects were significantly more likely to solve a task than their Bornean congeners (B = 1.934, SE = 0.74, z = 2.63, P < 0.01, Fig. 1 , Table 1 ).

Treatment with 1 mM SY-LB-57 also caused a highly significant decrease in cell viability in C2C12 cultures compared with control (85% decrease; **** p < 0.0005; Fig. 3 C).

In contrast, the genetic correlation between asthma and pollinosis was lower but still highly significant (r g = 0.29, P = 5 × 10 –4 , Table 1 ).

This difference between the homozygous and control cells was highly significant (p values = 5.6 × 10 −4 and 1.7 × 10 −7 for 1401 and 1402, respectively; Wilcoxon test).

The patients had a highly significant difference ( p = 0.0006) in GCS, but no significant difference ( p = 0.4) in the number of comorbidities they had.

A highly significant (P = 0.0006) and tight correlation (r = −0.9936) between increasing concentrations of sucrose and decreasing k cat values for DD-CoA was observed (Table ST2 ).

All success rates were highly significant above chance-level (33.3% on a 3-alternative-forced choice; p < 0.0006 (n = 7) for all comparisons, as assessed by a Wilcoxon rank sum test; importantly, this is the lowest p-value possible in this non-parametric test, given the number of subjects.

Further, the effect of genotype was highly significant, F = 5.81, DFn = 4, DFd = 55, p = 0.0006.

As shown in Table 6 , for CVMI, the p-values were highly significant in females ( p = 0.00061) and males ( p = 0.00371).

The statistical comparability of the two clones revealed highly significant variations at all time points (day 1: p = 0.00064; day 2: p = 1.87E-06; day 3: 2.82E-17; day 6: 6.23E-06; n = 12) ( Fig. 1C ).

Using this approach, we found that a highly significant overrepresented upregulated pathway (p = 6.50E-04) was the Hsf1 ( heat shock factor 1 )-dependent transactivation pathway, with the following twenty upregulated transcripts supporting this pathway enrichment, including: Akt1s1 , Rptor , Tnfrsf21 , Serpinh1 , Hspa1b , Hspa1a , Col4a6 , Fkbp4 , Cryab , Mtor , Camk2b , Hsf1 , Ubb , Mlst8 , Hspb8 , Hspb1 , Hspb2 , Slc29a1 , Hspa2 , Dedd2 .

Quantitative analyses confirmed that the Mrp2 immunogold labelling density in Wortmannin-inhibited samples remained as high as in controls despite insulin stimulation, while insulin also in the new media conditions with DMSO still led to a highly significant ( P = 0.0007 vs. control and P < 0.0001 vs. insulin + Wortmannin-treated cells) decline of Mrp2 levels at the plasma membrane (Fig. 5 h).

When the RAR was converted to a quartile variable, participants in the Q2 had a 1.18-fold increased risk of developing osteoarthritis compared to the Q1 (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.57, P = 0.2492), but did not reach statistical significance; participants in Q3 had a 1.65-fold increased risk (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.20, P = 0.0007), which was statistically significant; and participants in Q4 had a 1.97-fold increased risk (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.42, 2.73, P < 0.0001).

The difference between AUC 5–55 of the two probes was statistically highly significant ( p = 0.0007).

A similar pattern was observed for SMS, SMOX and SRM, all of which were associated with poor prognosis in LIHC, while the others did not show any highly significant difference (SMS; HR 1.9, p = 7e−04; SMOX: HR 1.7, p = 0.003; SRM: HR 1.7, p = 0.03).

The difference in treatment efficacy between Etomoxir and vehicle treatment was statistically highly significant (p = 0.0007).