Excerpts

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) All evaluated traits showed highly significant variation across all treatments (P-value < 0.01) (Tables 3 , 4 , and 5 ).

DM and nutrient uptake In 2017, there was a highly significant ( P < 0.01) interactive effect between dripline spacing and fertilization rate on DM (Table 5 ).

Un-labelled pairwise comparisons failed to reach significance of P = 0.01 and were considered to be insignificant.

The treatments (Vinasse levels) and the interactions are also highly significant ( P < 0.01), confirming that vinasse applications significantly altered trait expression.

A Two-fold change expression cut-off for ratio experiments was applied with anti-correlation of color-swapped ratio profiles, depicting the microarray analysis as highly significant ( P value < 0.01), robust, and reproducible.

The administered nitrogen formulations non-significantly ( P > 0.05) affected Chl a, significantly ( P < 0.05) affected Chl b, but highly significant ( P < 0.01) affected carotenoids and photosynthetic activity.

Correlation matrix given in Table 3 also showed highly significant (p < 0.01) negative correlation of AAC with CT repeat (r = − 0.909).

The addition of 10−6 M IAA, GA3, and ZT significantly increased cell density compared to the HAN group ( p ≤ 0.05), with the differences becoming highly significant after 4 days ( p ≤ 0.01).

Among the fresh weight of leaf and root, highly significant differences were observed under 6 light intensity (F = 28.01 and 11.58, respectively; P < 0.01) (Fig. 1 b).

The levels of statistical significance were p < 0.001 (extremely significant) and p < 0.01 (significant).

TPC and FLV displayed a highly significant ( p < 0.01) positive association with each other, in comparison to FRAP and scavenging antioxidants such as DPPH, ABTS, and NO (Table 3 ).

Over a 48-month follow-up period, all three groups showed a decreasing trend in knee JSW, with the IACI group having the fastest JSW decline rate at -0.020 mm/month (95% CI: -0.027 to -0.013, p < 0.01).

Significant differences are denoted by *P < 0.05, and extremely significant differences are indicated with **P < 0.01.

Highly significant (p < 0.01) correlation (r = 0.96; N = 270) was found between beat to beat fetal heart rate (FHR ECG ) from fECG and the same (FHR PCG ) from fetal PCG signals.

The toxicity results were analyzed by Tukey’s test, and 95% confidence level analysis was performed using the statistics program SPSS; the evaluated P values were indicated by the symbols a (extremely significant difference, p < 0.01), b (significant difference, p < 0.05), and c (no significant difference, p > 0.05).

Among the accessions, highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) were found for almost all the traits excluding fifty percent flowering date, seed length, seed width.

For the index of leakage rate, the horizontal transplanting operation speed and the length of feeding have a significant effect ( P < 0.05); Inclined transplanting operation speed have a significant influence (0.01 ≤ P ≤ 0.05) and the length of feeding have extremely significant influence ( P < 0.01).

Results Dispersal ability of alien plant species in six risk ranks Our results showed that there was a significant decreasing trend ( p < 0.05) in the natural dispersal ability, but an increasing trend ( p < 0.01) was observed in the anthropogenic dispersal ability for plants in ranks I to VI (Fig. 2 , Table 2 ).

Soil pH showed a highly significant ( P < 0.01) and positive linear relationship with the number of nif H gene copies (r = 0.64, Supplementary Fig.

5 A), but the expression of GNPNA , PGM2 , and UAP showed an extremely significant increase ( p < 0.01) at 48 h and an extremely significant decrease ( p < 0.01) at 72 h (Fig. 5 B,D,E).

Besides, the difference level is considered extremely significant when P < 0.01.

The P-value < 0.001(***) was considered statistically extremely significant, P-Value < 0.01 (**) was measured statistically very significant and NS = Not significant.

Variables that demonstrated statistical significance ( P < 0.05) in univariate analysis or those approaching significance ( P < 0.01) were selected for inclusion in multivariate regression analysis.

For ammonia nitrogen, mixtures and SP × M effects were highly significant ( P < 0.01).

The results indicate an extremely significant difference in body size between the large and small pig populations in this study ( P < 0.01, P < 0.001).