Within the tested range of concentrations, i.e., 5-15 mg/l, an increasing trend was observed only with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (X 2 -7.87; p < 0.05).
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This was further corroborated by the two-way analysis of variance, which showed a highly significant interaction between the effects of the two treatments on EO ( p < 0.05).
Expression level of HKGs in 2nd bud showed in Figure 6 and Figure 7 was significantly ( p < 0.05) decreased gradually after one and two days treated of bare roots condition which showed lower vitality of buds, and clearly significant ( p < 0.05) decreased after three-days of treatment which exposed lower survival of the seedlings.
The positive relationship between branching intensity and soil available P was only marginally significant (marginal R 2 = 0.02, p = 0.05; Table 1 ), while DBI (values range from 0, a fully dichotomous branching pattern to 1, a fully herringbone branching pattern [ 30 , 31 ]) was not related to any of the environmental factors considered in this study. 2.2.
Although the Chl-a content showed an increasing trend with higher moisture levels, the differences among treatments were not statistically significant ( p > 0.05). 2.2.2.
The annual mean LAI increases at a rate of 0.007 m 2 m −2 yr −1 , while the growing season LAI shows a stronger increase of 0.012 m 2 m −2 yr −1 , both of which are highly significant ( p < 0.05).
The SIS treatment caused a highly significant increase in both stem and panicle dry matter ( p < 0.05).
The first category included seven key aroma components that showed a decreasing trend from early to late spring ( p < 0.05): geraniol, linalool, and D-limonene, which contribute to floral aroma; 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine, which contributes to roasted aroma; and methyl salicylate and nonanal, which contribute to clean and refreshing notes.
The second category comprised four key aroma components that exhibited an increasing trend ( p < 0.05), including (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, which contributes to grassy odor; heptanal, associated with chestnut aroma; and indole and benzaldehyde, which contribute to floral aroma.
In terms of total biomass, FDDB displayed the highest value while HJY had the lowest, with this difference being highly significant ( p < 0.05).
Effects of Si on the Root Phenotypes ANOVA analysis ( Table 2 ) showed that Si treatments had a highly significant effect ( p ≤ 0.05) on all measured root traits, including TRL, AD, RV, number of tips, SA, and number of forks.
Results with p < 0.01 were considered highly significant, those with p < 0.05 were deemed statistically significant, and differences with p < 0.1 were regarded as showing a trend. 5.
Chlorophyll content (SPAD), biomass, N, and leaf area showed highly significant differences ( p value < 0.05) between the control and stressed plants, the latter showing higher photosynthetic activity.
Meanwhile, there is a highly significant difference between B158 and B161 at the p < 0.05 level.
Significance thresholds were defined as follows: p > 0.05 (not significant), p < 0.01 (highly significant), and p < 0.05 (statistically significant). 5.
The correlation between plant height and leaf functional traits under increasing precipitation shows that there was a highly significant positive correlation between plant height and specific leaf area; that is, the taller the plant, the greater the specific leaf area ( p ≤ 0.05) ( Figure 6 b).
Comparison of Agronomic Traits Among Different Oat Varieties There were highly significant differences in plant height among various oat varieties at the harvest stage ( p < 0.05) ( Figure 2 a).
In comparison, Tr and Ci demonstrated lower sensitivity to Cs treatment, while Gs displayed a decreasing trend with increasing Cs concentration (20.62–40.73%, p < 0.05) ( Figure 3 B–D).
bungeanum Maxim were found to be in the follwing order: stem > fruit > leaf, and the difference in expression levels between stem and leaf reached an extremely significant level ( p < 0.05) [ 55 ].
The statistical significance of the results was determined using Student’s t -test; differences were considered to be significant and highly significant at p < 0.05 (*) and p < 0.01 (**), respectively.
A marginally significant association was observed between the SLA and LT plasticity indices (r = 0.317, p = 0.05). 3.
Other researchers [ 31 ] have reported highly significant ( p < 0.05) correlations of DPPH • assay results with the flavonoid quercetin and quercetin derivatives, while our results show low amounts of this flavonoid in extracts ( Table 2 ).
It is important to note that there was a highly significant correlation (r = 0.9942, p < 0.05) between gallic acid and reducing power (FRAP), which would suggest that perhaps gallic acid would be one of the main phenolic compounds responsible for conferring this ferric to ferrous ion reducing capacity to the phenolic fractions from WMR.
The percentage of areas showing significant and highly significant positive correlations (13.89%) is also higher than that of areas with a negative correlation (5.03%) at p < 0.05.
A highly significant ( p ≤ 0.05) decrease in the fresh and dry shoot weight of Nadir and Naqeeb was recorded under salinity, while non-significant results were obtained regarding salt stress, thiourea, and varieties’ interaction.