Excerpts

A decreasing trend in the growth of the plants was evident from the low-density treatment to the high-density treatment ( Figure 3 b).

The difference between the two groups was highly significant ( Figure 5 ). 3.

For the same reasons, the content of all caffeoylquinic acids was highly significant for all interactions ( Table S1 ).

Ambassador showed significantly higher chlorophyll a concentration than Premium only for Zn2, while Premium showed a trend for Se1 treatment.

Quite significant differences between the two grain samples can be noted in the location of phenolic acids.

The ANOVA indicated highly significant effects for all factors and their interactions.

In ‘Xiangfei’, it decreased and then increased sharply with a high expression at grape ripening, while in ‘Zaomeiguixiang’, it showed an increasing trend and then a continuous decrease with a very low expression in the ripening stage.

Nucleosides mostly decreased, while for other compounds an increasing trend was observed for the phenolic acid chicoric acid, and for choline and ethanolamine, the latter doubling its quantity, in contrast to chlorogenic acid that almost halved.

They also found a decreasing trend for malic and fumaric acids.

We found that, except for LiNAC8 and LiNAC11 , the relative expression of LiNAC7 , LiNAC14 , and LiNAC19 showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing in ‘Xiariwuniang’, with the highest expression in the S2.

After the most highly significant genes are revealed, GBS may be used for high-density genetic mapping, genetic diversity and population structure analysis, QTL mapping, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) [ 46 , 47 , 48 ].

Using, as an indicator, a highly significant association of Lemna with the epiphytic diatom Lemnicola hungarica (Grunow) Round et Basson (which does preserve well in sediments), it proved possible to detail the past presence of Lemna minor L. in a pond in England back a couple of centuries [ 8 ].

The number of papers with photosynthetic parameters and osmoregulatory substances as cold tolerance indicators demonstrated an increasing trend year by year.

Similar extremely significant correlation was found for MT-treated pakchoi even though the yellowing process, respiration rate and ethylene production were mitigated with MT treatment ( Table 1 ).

The (T air –T leaf ) × genotype and total water use × genotype interactions were highly significant ( Table 4 ), indicating that the effects of leaf-to-air temperature differential and total water use per plant on biomass reduction% under high temperature depends on the genotype.

This class, along with cyclohexane-1,3-diones with phenyl side chains, phenylene side chains, or other side chains additionally showed a trend in which the addition of a R2 methyl group had a more positive binding energy and a less-efficient IC50 value, possibly due to stearic hindrance.

With the increase in P application, the population’s highest and lowest humidity showed an increasing trend ( Figure 9 ).

It can be seen that the year, N application rate, N fertilizer management model, and their interactions have either a significant or extremely significant effect on the nutrient contents of the soil.

Soil urease activity showed a decreasing trend as growth progressed, with the highest levels of soil urease content in the soil at the jointing, heading, and mature stages of rice in 2019.

Our results also showed a trend of net photosynthetic rate increasing with the increase of nitrogen concentration ( Figure 4 A), but not an inhibition due to the overdose of nitrogen, as some research reported [ 63 , 64 , 65 ], which showed that the nitrogen applied in this study was still at a low concentration level for plants.

To summarize, the data in this study indicated that the different N rates were not a major factor determining the phenolic acid composition of the wheat grains, though the effect of the N rate might be significant under the conditions of certain experimental designs and statistical methods.

The expression levels of CsALMT4 , 5 and 9 in subclass II did not show an obvious trend along the Al concentration gradient ( Figure 4 ).

Δ G R-E , Δ G Z-E , Δ G R , Δ G Z and Δ G B showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the aggravation of drought.

For the Pielou evenness index, there were eight significant differences and two extremely significant differences between XY and NT in Student’s t -test, while there were two significant differences between NT and T1 and NT and T2, respectively ( Figure S1 ).

In the crop evolution process, Lpr showed an increasing trend [ 25 ].