Excerpts

We found an almost significant deficit of genes responding to sexual selection on the older part of the X chromosome (XL) and that XR contains a deficit of sex-biased genes.

In line with these findings, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed a highly significant enrichment of regions decorated with H3K27me3, either alone or in combination with H3K4me2/3, and of regions bound by PRC2 components including EED and SUZ12 (Supplementary Fig. 5d ).

The effect of LDL-c on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was highly significant without HEIDI-outlier filtering (OR = 1.35 and P GSMR = 7.8 × 10 −16 ) (Fig. 4 ).

2d, e that the PC of the ENAD mode, which explains ~30% of interannual variance of February TCO, shows an increasing trend over the last three decades.

This trend is statistically significant, indicating that the polar vortex shift may cause not only interannual variability of regional TCO but also a decreasing trend in TCO over the Eurasian continent that would delay the TCO recovery caused by ODS reduction.

This represents a highly significant bias toward antagonistic risk SNPs (binomial test p -values of 7.28×10 −15 and 1.99×10 −9 , comparing the frequency of antagonistic risk SNPs for degenerative ageing diseases and cancer to non-ageing-associated traits, respectively, Supplementary Note 8 ).

In SOD3 −/− mice, Lov treatment did not significantly enhance tumor perfusion compared to Vhcl, although there was a clear trend toward a higher percentage of lectin + CD31 + vessels in these mice (Fig. 2h ).

Analysis of the transcriptomic datasets Pre-normalized public circadian transcriptomic microarray (GEO accession: GSE54650 7 ) and aging transcriptomic data sets (GEO accession: GSE57809 26 and GSE6591 27 for the liver and lung, respectively) were used for detection of circadian (see “Detection and analysis of circadian epigenetic oscillations”) and nominally significant aging mRNAs (see “Aging analysis for the mouse tissue DNA samples”).

Over evolutionary time, terrestrial mammalian lineages show a significant trend toward larger body size—Cope’s rule 29 – 32 .

The same comparisons based on the mathematical model results are highly significant with p values of 9.82 × 10 −10 and 1.75 × 10 −5 .

Linear regression analysis in log space indicates that this decrease is modest but highly significant, slightly below 1% (with a 95% confidence interval of (0.89% 1.06%)) for each stimulation pulse, or about 18% drop in response strength over 20 rounds of stimulation (Supplementary Data 1 – 4 ).

A bootstrapped sampling of the datasets showed a trend toward increased performance with the inclusion of additional training data, indicating that we are recognizing an aggregate signal across datasets (Supplementary Fig. 1 ).

When the sample is binned into three age groups, both the arcuate and CST show highly significant changes, but the magnitude of change between childhood and adulthood is larger for the arcuate than the CST (Fig. 1 ).

A comparison of the NAO in RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 reveals no obvious NAO trend in the former, but a small trend towards more positive in the latter, such that the ensemble mean trend is about 0.4 standard deviation over 75 years.

Furthermore, the photocurrent exhibits a decreasing trend with the increase of reaction time, compared with that without extra addition of H 2 O 2 .

AQP1 and SOX17 were both also nominally significant in the combined burden tests, described above.

Out of the four CBS hotspots we examined, three of them were associated with nominally significant expression changes of neighboring genes ( CENPQ , KCNQ5 , and SPG20 ), and these associations were validated in an independent tumor cohort.

Highly significant correlations were observed bilaterally in the VS and DLPFC ROIs.

In fact, at 6 weeks post-administration of the higher AAV dose, Pcsk9 transcript levels were indistinguishable from non-treated controls and serum protein levels displayed an increasing trend relative to earlier time points.

The reperfusion amplitude also showed a trend of decline in non-responders and elevation in responders (Fig. 5h , Supplementary Fig. 9E ).

1b and 2g ); and the total cholesterol (TCh) and low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL-c) also showed a decreasing trend (Fig. 2h, i ).

In addition, echocardiography showed an increasing trend in the left ventricular wall and myocardial contractility as evidenced by a greater ejection fraction and fractional shortening in the hyperinsulinemic monkeys at 40 months of follow-up studies (Fig. 2k, l ).

In other words, social hierarchy and differences in material wealth show an increasing trend as one enters the Late Neolithic, up to the emergence of political complexity in the Old World 38 , and we should therefore expect the bottleneck to increase in intensity, with the rising impact of wealth and social status on reproductive success in large-scale, stratified societies 39 .

After considering the major frequency bands separately, we also found that low and high frequencies behaved differently: delta (SWA) and theta frequencies showed a trend toward stronger GC from cortex to VM across all states, and this effect became significant during sleep (Fig. 5d ).

The molecular orbitals in 4′ that principally represent the U = C double bond interactions exhibit variable levels of intrusion from other orbital coefficients due to their delocalised nature, but despite this from the more localised and thus clear-cut U = C molecular orbital combinations a clear trend emerges; the uranium(III)-, uranium(III/IV)-, and uranium(IV)-C BIPM bonds show uranium and carbon contributions of 14:57%, 18:40%, and 22:20%, respectively where the total uranium contribution is clearly increasing with increasing oxidation state.