Excerpts

The determination criteria were the following: R 2 of the fitted 4-parameter curve of ≥0.98, regression item should be highly significant ( p < 0.01), and deviation from parallel should not be significant ( p ≥ 0.01).

The model was considered statistically significant when p < 0.05 and was considered highly significant when p < 0.01.

Pairwise comparisons revealed that the increase from 50 to 100 μg/mL was highly significant ( p < 0.01), while further increases from 100 to 200 μg/mL and from 200 to 300 μg/mL remained statistically significant ( p < 0.05).

The results showed that STZ-diabetic rats exhibited a highly significant decrease in serum GSH levels relative to healthy controls ( p < 0.01), while those in groups treated with every concentration of both RR and BR showed a marked elevation relative to untreated diabetic rats ( p < 0.05) ( Figure 4 A).

The ANOVA showed that the influence of treatment on colour, flavour, and texture was non-significant ( p > 0.05); however, a highly significant ( p ≤ 0.01) influence was observed on taste.

Differences were considered significant (*) for P < 0.05, highly significant (**) for P < 0.01, and extremely significant (***) for P < 0.001. 4.

Furthermore, when the concentration of these six compounds was 160 μM, the NO concentrations decreased significantly in comparison to the LPS group, with an extremely significant difference ( p < 0.01) [ 39 ]. 2.6.3.

coli K88 infection induced an apparently ( p < 0.05) down-regulated expression of Lf in some tissues (spleen, bone and muscle), but an extremely significant ( p < 0.01) up-regulation in other tissues (liver and kidney) ( Figure 3 A).

Statistical analysis showed highly significant differences ( p < 0.01) among extraction solvents for all free radical-scavenging parameters evaluated; in particular, the extraction with ethanol showed the highest values of TPC (381 ± 113.1 mg GAE/g DW (Gallic acid equivalents/grams of dry weight)), DPPH • (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical)

The regression model was highly significant ( p < 0.01), while the lack of fit was not significant ( p = 0.317 > 0.05) and the value of the determination coefficient (R 2 ) was 0.996, which indicated the goodness of fit of the regression model [ 19 ].

[ 27 ] proposed that Na, Mg, Ca, Cr, Fe Ni, Rb, Sr, Cd, Tl, and Pb were extremely significant correlated between tea leaves and topsoil at the level of p < 0.01.

Compared with the control group, the difference was extremely significant in the juglone treatment group ( p < 0.01).

Compared with the CDP group, the C max of CA increased significantly ( p < 0.05), and V z/F of CA had a highly significant rise in the JGL group ( p < 0.01), but there was no significant difference in the AUC and MRT between the two groups.

Differences were considered highly significant when p < 0.01.

Results are expressed as the mean ± SE, and the differences were considered significant at p < 0.05 and extremely significant at p < 0.01.

Meanwhile, a non-significant value of lack of fit ( p > 0.05) and a highly significant level of the model ( p < 0.01) were obtained by statistical analyses, suggesting that the mode could be accurately predicted by the variation [ 38 ].

The differences were considered to be statistically significant when p < 0.05 and highly significant when p < 0.01.

Effects of ACP-60-A, ACP-60-B and ACP-60-C on HK-2 Cell Viability As shown in Figure 11 , the survival rate of HK-2 cells in the Mod group significantly decreased compared to the Con group, indicating a highly significant difference ( p < 0.01).

As presented in the figure, the doses of GEP-1 at 50 and 100 μg/mL showed a nonsignificant effect on TNF-α secretion compared to that of the controls, while high doses of GEP (200 μg/mL) exhibited a highly significant effect on TNF-α secretion ( p < 0.01).

There were extremely significant differences ( p < 0.01) in the granule size distribution of the three corn flours ( Table 1 ).

Specifically, the linear effect of X 1 , X 2 and X 4 illustrated highly significant ( p < 0.01) and remarkably significant ( p < 0.001) positive effects on FRAP, respectively, while their square terms (X 1 2 , X 2 2 and X 4 2 ) exhibited highly significant ( p < 0.01), significant ( p < 0.05) and remarkably significant ( p < 0.001) negative ones, respectively.

Statistical Analysis The statistical estimation of the significance of the results obtained in the trials was performed using the ANOVA test, in which the objective was to compare the means between the control and treated groups, establishing significant probability values ( p ) < 0.05 [ 99 ] and considering the highly significant values of p < 0.01.

In relation to non-diabetic vervet monkeys, total cholesterol and LDL levels remained unchanged at each experimental point ( Figure 1 A,B), while 4 weeks treatment promoted a highly significant increase of plasma HDL content in comparison with baseline (+118%, p = 0.012) and after 2 weeks of treatment (+90%, p = 0.008) ( Figure 1 C).

For the Reb A content, the interactions between time and probe diameter (T × PD), and probe diameter and amplitude (PD × A) did not have significant impact on the modifications in the content of this compound, whereas the interaction of the time and amplitude (T × A) factors showed slightly significant differences ( p = 0.02).

The difference was marginally significant ( p = 0.023). 2.3.