Excerpts

As the temperature decreases, E 1 , E 2 , η 1 , and η 2 all exhibit an increasing trend, suggesting that the viscoelastic parameters of PGWA increase with decreasing temperature.

It can be observed that as the angle between the growth orientation and the <001> direction increases, both the average size and the area fraction of the γ′ strengthening phase exhibit an increasing trend.

The experimental results collectively reveal a clear trend: with increasing deviation of the growth direction from the ideal <001> orientation, the heat-treated microstructure evolves towards a state characterized by larger and less uniform γ′ precipitates, reduced γ′ cubicity, narrower γ matrix channels, a lower fraction of residual eutectic content, and a notably higher density of solution micropores.

As can be seen from the figure, whether for sample 1 or sample 2, the impact work of both samples showed a trend of first decreasing, then increasing, and finally decreasing after heat treatment.

Associated reductions in yield and ultimate strength were limited and within experimental variability but followed a decreasing trend consistent with section loss.

(3) Their proportion shows an increasing trend with the increase in freeze–thaw duration and cycle number.

EIS analysis reveals a clear trend: the corrosion resistance of the Cu x CoCrMoNi HEAs in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution deteriorates with increasing Cu content.

However, an interesting trend is observed in this stress level: Series C outperforms Series D in terms of deformation resistance, despite its lower fatigue life.

Similarly, Figure 12 f shows the effect of WTMF content on the flow of asphalt mixes, showing an increasing trend in flow with an increase in fibre content.

stress level plots for different asphalt mixtures exhibit a clear trend.

The output characteristics are shown in Figure 4 b, where a clear trend of increasing photocurrent with optical power is observed.

The following conclusions were drawn from the test results: (1) The content of the geopolymer binder increased from 5% to 7%, and the UCS and ITS of the experimental group showed an increasing trend.

The lack of a clear trend in crystallinity could be attributed to several factors.

With increasing cylindrical shell thickness h , the overall response level exhibits a decreasing trend, indicating that increasing the shell thickness effectively enhances the structural stiffness.

However, beyond this range, further increasing the concentration resulted in a decreasing trend in the dehydration rate.

Porosity The porosity of double-layer composite concrete inevitably shows a decreasing trend with the increase in paste content.

From these maps, a similar characteristic distribution of chromium and a clear trend in silicon distribution depending on the FeAlSiCa content can be observed.

Overall, the addition of nanosecond pulses significantly enhances the ablation performance, with a clear trend of first decreasing and then increasing values, as compared to CW laser ablation.

As shown, both the flexural and compressive strengths exhibit a decreasing trend when the CRA content reaches 20%, with the flexural strength dropping from 7.35 to 4.12 MPa and the compressive strength decreasing from 16.26 to 10.71 MPa.

It indicates that as the experimental temperature increased from 20 °C to 400 °C, the mean fatigue life and dispersion of both specimen types show a decreasing trend, reflecting the adverse effect of thermal environment on fatigue performance.

Examining the influence of particle size, quartz from all origins exhibited a decreasing trend in the angularity as particle size decreased.

It is also worth noting that the black particles in Figure 3 B, identified as M 23 C 6 carbides, show a decreasing trend in number density with increasing temperature.

As shown in the tables, the p -values for both models are less than 0.0001, indicating that the constructed response surface models are highly significant.

A clear trend is detectable that as printing time increases, the corner radius increases.

In addition, the concentration of Pb 2+ in the pore solution showed an increasing trend with an increase in the Pb 2+ dosage.