Excerpts

As shown in Figure 3 a–d, a clear trend emerged with respect to shoulder diameter.

The results indicate that the relative density of the samples exhibits an increasing trend with the rise in sintering temperature, sintering pressure, and holding time.

Figure 15 results show that the enhancement effect of chamfering optimization exhibits an increasing trend with current, progressively improving from 1.5% at 1 A to 6.8% at 5 A, with an average improvement effect of 4.6%.

The ultimate strain of masonry exhibits an increasing trend with rising block strength.

When SFRC is infilled in the masonry, the compressive toughness of the masonry is improved overall, and it exhibits a decreasing trend as the strength of the block concrete increases.

Although the warm-mixed additive possesses a certain degree of volatility, its application still shows a significant trend toward emission reduction.

This indicates that the warm-mixed additive makes asphalt binder slightly stiffer with an increasing trend of creep stiffness S or a decreasing trend of m/S @ 60th , but it also increases or maintains the creep rate m-value , thereby improving its ability to withstand thermal stress.

For both speed intervals, a clear trend is observed: increasing raster step leads to larger color differences and chromatic distances between the corresponding marked areas.

In contrast, the ettringite-based expansive agent shows a decreasing trend in heat release with increasing dosage.

Median EC values showed an increasing trend across groups, with the Cerasmart group presenting the lowest median value (5.37), followed by the Vita Enamic group (6.51), while the Brilliant Crios group exhibited the highest median EC value (6.93).

As shown in the figure, the relative dynamic elastic modulus of all concrete specimens exhibits a decreasing trend as the number of freeze–thaw cycles increases.

The experimental data revealed a clear trend: increasing the proportion of RBCA in the concrete mix correlates with a marked decline in its durability performance.

Figure 7 illustrates the microstructural evolution after tempering at 530 °C and 580 °C, revealing a significant trend toward homogenization.

As depicted in Figure 3 , the OAR of RAM-SMA-13 demonstrates an increasing trend with the addition of FBF.

Overall, the incorporation of basalt fiber has a noticeable influence on the flowability of the mortar, and a decreasing trend can be observed as the fiber content increases [ 37 , 38 ].

The results indicate that the incorporation of basalt fiber is associated with an improvement in the flexural strength of the mortar at all curing ages, and this enhancement shows an increasing trend with curing time, with relatively favorable performance observed at 28 days.

As shown in the table, with increasing Ni content, the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation of Q460 steel each exhibit an increasing trend.

The EDS analysis significantly demonstrated the presence of TiC in the different mixtures of 1–5 wt.%, even though the percentages of TiC present did not show an increasing trend similar to the density.

A clear trend is observed: as the surface roughness increases, i corr and R corr decrease, while the φ corr shifts toward more positive values.

That work also reported an increasing trend in hardness with increasing TMS concentration.

As can be seen from the figure, whether for sample 1 or sample 2, the impact work of both samples showed a trend of first decreasing, then increasing, and finally decreasing after heat treatment.

Associated reductions in yield and ultimate strength were limited and within experimental variability but followed a decreasing trend consistent with section loss.

These observations collectively indicate a clear trend: wear resistance deteriorates progressively as the rolling temperature decreases, with optimal performance at 1200 °C and the poorest at 1100 °C.

However, as the curing time increases, the compressive strength of CSG shows an increasing trend with the rise in seawater replacement ratio.

Notably, although the strength of CSG with a 60% seawater replacement ratio shows a decreasing trend at a 28-day curing age compared to that with a 45% seawater replacement ratio, it still remains higher than that of CSG without seawater.