Excerpts

To determine the concentration at which the CaSiO 3 swelling ratio changes from an overall decreasing trend to an increasing trend, one could form hydrogels of intermediate CaSiO 3 concentrations between 2.32% and 5%.

It can be concluded that the chloride ion concentration distribution shows a decreasing trend with the increase in depth, and the chloride ion concentration increased firstly and then decreased with the increase in hydrotalcite dosages.

On this basis, Lin Zhang further investigated the chloride fixation capacity and mechanism of CLDHs in cement paste, and the results showed that the chloride fixation capacity of the test group doped with CLDHs was better compared with the control group; it is noteworthy that the chloride fixation capacity of CLDHs showed an increasing trend with the increase in curing age, which was positively correlated with the chloride ion concentration.

Microhardness values at the surface and core show an increasing trend concerning sintering temperature, as shown in Figure 19 a.

In particular, the Co + 15%WB and Co + 45%WB coatings exhibit a decreasing trend and tend to stabilize.

While dental caries is a very common health problem globally and dental sealants are perceived as accessible mean of caries prevention, the differences in their prices may be significant.

A strong trend of agglomeration was also observed, and the average size of the aggregates was above 10 μm.

These emissions in the sample with the biochar addition also showed a decreasing trend ( Figure 5 g).

Based on the data presented in Table 5 , it was observed that the temperature sensitivity factors obtained through fitting showed an increasing trend with higher principal stress ratios and confining pressures.

As depicted in Figure 4 , the cubic compressive strength of the GBFS-HPMC/fiber pervious concrete exhibited a decreasing trend with an increasing GBFS substitution rate.

From Figure 4 , it is evident that as the carbon black filling content in the rubber increases, the stress behavior of the rubber at different strains shows a clear trend of nonlinear growth.

S3 also shows a slight trend in this direction, but is underrepresented compared to S2.

The dynamic compressive strength of the coal specimens was significantly weakened by boreholes under high strain-rate loading; the dynamic compressive strength and the dynamic modulus of elasticity of coal rock showed a decreasing trend, with increasing numbers of boreholes and a rising and decreasing trend with increasing borehole spacing; the number and spacing of boreholes appeared to be design parameters that could weaken coal–rock material under high strain-rate loading; during the loading of coal and rock, initial cracks appeared and expanded in the tensile stress zone of the borehole side, while secondary cracks, which appeared perpendicular to the main crack, expanded and connected, destroying the specimen.

The elastic modulus showed a decreasing trend, wherein the ability of the specimen to resist deformation decreased as the borehole spacing increased, and both the compressive strength and the elastic modulus of the coal specimens showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, showing that the boreholes may exert a certain deterioration and modification effect on the mechanical properties of the coal specimens. 3.3.

Under the same impact, the reflected energy ratios of coal specimens with different numbers of boreholes show an increasing trend with increasing numbers of boreholes, while the transmitted energy ratios show a decreasing trend, and the overall trend of the dissipated energy ratio is not obvious ( Figure 14 ).

However, when Ag(I) was added, the systems did not have a clear trend between spatial randomness and the applied potential.

As expected, the data on the mass yield indicated a decreasing trend at higher temperatures and longer holding times because of more intense activation (or gasification) reactions.

Similarly, the texture characteristics also indicated an increasing trend with the residence time extending from 0 min to 30 min but slightly decreased as the time was extended to 60 min.

Generally, the recrystallization fraction exhibits an increasing trend with rising temperature and strain, while showing minimal correlation with strain rate.

However, using a regression model, an increasing trend in the average vibration amplitude was observed as the depth and width of the cut increased from low values, through to medium values, and then to high values.

These comparisons with the analytical solution revealed a decreasing trend in the error percentage as the mesh density increased.

It could be seen that the quality of all samples showed an increasing trend before 20 freeze–thawing cycles.

Moreover, the average ITS growth rates of the mixtures at 28, 56, and 90 days were 44.3%, 22.3%, and 14.4%, respectively, showing a decreasing trend.

The peak stress after acid and alkali corrosion shows a decreasing trend in good agreement with the results of Huang et al.

The results indicated the tensile strength and split tensile modulus of the sandstone specimens gradually decreased with the polarisation of the solution pH, and the acoustic emission signal ring number monitoring values showed an increasing trend.