Excerpts

As can be seen from the figure, whether for sample 1 or sample 2, the impact work of both samples showed a trend of first decreasing, then increasing, and finally decreasing after heat treatment.

These observations collectively indicate a clear trend: wear resistance deteriorates progressively as the rolling temperature decreases, with optimal performance at 1200 °C and the poorest at 1100 °C.

However, as the curing time increases, the compressive strength of CSG shows an increasing trend with the rise in seawater replacement ratio.

Notably, although the strength of CSG with a 60% seawater replacement ratio shows a decreasing trend at a 28-day curing age compared to that with a 45% seawater replacement ratio, it still remains higher than that of CSG without seawater.

Concurrently, the thickness of the passivation film exhibits a decreasing trend with increasing reduction ratio.

The experimental results ( Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 ) demonstrate that with increasing cold rolling deformation, the number, diameter, and depth of pitting progressively increase, indicating a clear trend of localized corrosion intensification.

As shown in Figure 8 a, the total porosity exhibits an increasing trend after CAA-FTC, with CG1 and CD1 showing increases of 0.2% and 3.6%, respectively.

The MCL of concrete exhibits a decreasing trend after the CAA-FTC.

As illustrated in the figure, the permeability coefficient generally exhibits a decreasing trend as the amounts of CL and PG increase.

As the cell height h increased, the SEA and specific strength both showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing.

Overall, the overpotential shows a decreasing trend.

Moreover, both materials displayed a decreasing trend in hardness with increasing indentation depth, attributed to subsurface deformation and material layer delamination at greater penetration depths.

Strength and stiffness showed an increasing trend with temperature.

Ce concentration showed an increasing trend toward the bottom of the eutectic.

Consequently, recent studies have shown a clear trend toward data-driven approaches for addressing the issue of precise CD prediction.

The fitted trend line ( y = −0.5033 x + 4.6000) yielded R 2 = 0.6727, indicating a decreasing trend in n w for modified mixtures.

The linear fit ( y = 79.0000 x + 2180.0000) yielded R 2 = 0.6542, indicating an increasing trend in ρ across the investigated series.

Conversely, odd-atom clusters not only exhibit lower HOMO-LUMO gaps but also show a decreasing trend with increasing size (especially beyond n > 19), indicating that larger odd clusters possess less stable electronic structures and higher chemical reactivity.

Figure 5 compares the oxygen cluster population results at different sizes simulated under varying pressures in a pure oxygen system, revealing a clear trend: As the pressure increases from 3 atm to 6 atm, the maximum cluster size observed during the simulation period expands from O 13 to O 31 .

The dynamic compressive strength of the specimens showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase in the slag content in the fly ash/slag mixture and the fiber length.

Consequently, the peak flow velocity during the EP phase exhibits a decreasing trend.

The widths of the columnar zone exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing stirring current intensity.

Under the coupled effect of temperature gradient and load, both wear depth and wear mass show an increasing trend with the number of wear cycles across all temperature gradient conditions, and the values increase with the temperature gradient.

It is acknowledged that, given the single-specimen experimental design at the structural scale, this numerical difference represents an observed trend rather than a statistically confirmed finding.

From Figure 18 , it can be seen that as temperature increases, the linear expansion coefficient α of all three epoxy resins generally shows an increasing trend.