Excerpts

On the other hand, an adverse trend of surface roughness decreasing with increasing gamma irradiation doses has also been reported [ 41 , 42 ].

With the increase in (Cu, Ni)-ZnO additions, the thickness in nanocomposite coatings showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.

An interesting trend was observed when comparing the data obtained herein to catalysts synthesised by simultaneous deposition [ 5 ].

The DMA results for all tested samples show a clear trend: for materials with good energy absorption capacity, the storage modulus increases with frequency.

The product yield showed a trend of first rising and then decreasing with the CO 2 pressure and the highest activity was obtained at 1 MPa.

Currently, there is a clear trend towards printing with non-Portland cement binders, which significantly reduce CO 2 emissions (approximately 80%) and energy consumption (approximately 60%) [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].

Figure 4 showed that under the condition of full immersion, the mass of the mortar sample presented an increasing trend.

Additionally, with increasing limestone powder content, the dynamic tensile strength of SCAC first showed and increasing trend and then a decreasing trend, reaching its maximum value when the limestone powder content was 16%.

In addition, with increasing strain rate, the DIF of the SCAC under different ratio conditions also showed an increasing trend, with the DIF of the SCAC varying from 1.39 to 6.91.

It can be seen from Figure 16 that under dynamic tensile conditions, although the SCAC specimens with typical splitting failure did not break completely, the failure morphology of SCAC specimens showed a trend in which the particle size of the broken slag decreased, with the amount of broken slag increasing, as well as breaking more thoroughly, with increasing strain rate grade.

Moreover, it is difficult to establish a clear trend for the Ssk parameter, as even though some results take positive values, most are negative values, which may indicate a plateau-like nature of the hills.

An expected trend of reduction in capacitance with increase in scan rate was observed for all materials.

Moreover, the C value presents a decreasing trend, the Curie–Weiss temperature increases first and then decreases, and the temperature above which the Curie–Weiss law can be obeyed (T CW ) shows an increasing trend with increasing sintering temperature, i.e., the temperature difference of T CW -T m is 11–27 °C for different samples.

Moreover, analyzing the axial shrinkage recorded for clay compositions PV1–PV4 (compositions that do not contain dextrin), a decreasing trend of this indicator is observed as the amount of lime increases.

With the increase of water–cement ratio and dosage of foaming agent, thermogravimetric data showed that the carbon dioxide sealing capacity showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.

The figure illustrates a notable trend where the final oil recovery rate remains relatively low at lower water injection rates.

The specific capacitance value calculated from the GCD curve was found to be 502.97 Fg −1 for Nb 2 CT x at the current density of 1.0 Ag −1 , and it exhibited a decreasing trend up to 165 Fg −1 at the current density of 4.4 Ag −1 , as shown in Figure 6 d,e.

The difference in the number and parameter values of acoustic emission events before and after uniaxial compression fracture of 0.7 mm and 1 mm fractured sandstone samples is quite significant, with the difference in order of magnitude ranging from 10–1000.

When n(CO): n(DM) was in the range of 1:3–1:5, COQS yield showed an increasing trend with the increase of n(DM) ( Figure 2 c), and when n(CO): n(DM) was in the range of 1:5–1:8, too much DM will interfere with the catalytic performance of the catalyst, leading to a significant decrease in COQS yield.

It was proven by the quite significant increase in C-H bond intensity of the rHIPS samples at around 3000–2840 cm −1 after experiencing more reprocessing steps.

The FEM result shows that the temperature of the workpiece displays a decreasing trend from the HAZ to the BM.

Mechanical Property Losses When analyzing the graphs in Figure 4 , a decreasing trend for the mechanical properties of all the concrete families as a function of ASR-induced development is clearly observed.

The overall damage zone presents a decreasing trend with the increase of in-situ stress, because the tensile damage is more sensitive than the compressive damage for rock material.

Moreover, the swelling ratio of C/G3 hydrogel has been exhibiting an increasing trend, which is due to the hydrolytic breakage of ester groups dominating the alkaline environment, lessening the extent of cross-linking and making the hydrogel of the network structure looser, giving rise to a noticeable augment in the swelling ratio.

Nonetheless, the removal ratio will exhibit a decreasing trend. 3.7.4.