Excerpts

As the pH increased, the flat band potential (E fb ) generally exhibited a decreasing trend.

For example, in this study, the AAFs in the Z-direction show an increasing trend with elevation, while in the study by Jiang et al.

Additionally, the table highlights a notable trend where compounds incorporating urea (entries 1–3 in Table 2 ) achieved higher yields and faster reaction completions compared to those involving thiourea counterparts (entries 4–6 in Table 2 ).

From the results of the pore property analysis, an increasing trend with an increasing impregnation ratio from 0.5 to 2.0 was observed.

In the previous studies [ 10 , 11 ], the pore properties of the resulting carbon products prepared from oil-containing residue through the physical activation of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) at 850 °C for 0.5–1.5 h showed a decreasing trend [ 11 ].

First, the Vickers hardness of the composites shows a decreasing trend with the increase in SiC content, dropping from 34.8 to 29.9 GPa when the amount of additional SiC reaches 10 wt% ( Figure 2 a).

However, after 0.06% EOGO, the results show a decreasing trend at 0.1%.

The rheological stress showed a trend of rapid increase, slow growth, and stabilization with the increase in true strain, exhibiting typical dynamic recovery characteristics.

The above data indicate a clear trend of growing interest in this topic.

There are pads made of SBR granules with similar properties to PU-based samples, although it is impossible to find a clear trend in the translation of the two materials.

Of note, 2.5 billion m 2 of paper-based surfaces are produced globally each year, with an increasing trend [ 3 ].

Table 1 presents the carbon residue rate after thermal decomposition, revealing an increasing trend in carbon residue content with the addition of flame-retardant treatments: A0 < A1 < A2 < A6.

There exists a significant trend to increase the cross-sectional area of the columns for the successive configurations meeting the optimization conditions.

Peculiarities of electrodeposition from complexing electrolytes are practically significant as they can greatly influence the final structure, composition, and designed properties by adjusting the electroactive complexes in the solution.

The concrete splitting tensile strength had a decreasing trend, subsequently accompanied by a rising pattern with the enhancement of SF and BF contents, reaching its maximum at 12.5% SF content and 0.075% BF content.

However, its tensile strength increases with the rise in hydrogen-charging current density, while the maximal elongation exhibits a decreasing trend.

When the grid fin was printed under the L mode, the residual stress was concentrated at the bottom, indicating a decreasing trend with subsequent deposition.

As the test age extends, a decreasing trend in microscopic creep was observed which could be attributed to the growth of the content of HD C–S–H (high density C–S–H) gel.

Additionally, as the La-Co doping amount increases, the particle size of the samples shows an increasing trend.

The 7 d UCS of the stabilized soil showed a decreasing trend with increasing SS content, whereas it increased with higher GGBS content, indicating that SS content has a negative impact on compressive strength, while slag has a positive impact.

However, an increasing trend in Na/Ca ratio is observed in high-Ca geopolymer systems near the interface region (62 μm–100 μm), suggesting an accumulation of C(N)–A–S–H gel near the interface.

On the other hand, the behavior during the first 20 min of Fe and As leaching percentages does not show a clear trend, possibly due to sample heterogeneity, the natural association of arsenopyrite with other mineral phases, or the occlusion of arsenopyrite within other mineral phases present in the tailings.

It was observed in the experiments that the surface roughness of all three tools showed an increasing trend as the depth of grinding increased.

As the deformation amount during isothermal forging increases, the content of the primary α phase and the thickness of the secondary α phase in the titanium alloy initially show an increasing trend and then a decreasing trend.

The T 1, max value of the elastomers displayed a decreasing trend (from 336.1 °C to 302.1 °C), whereas the T 2, max value exhibited an increasing trend (from 407.6 °C to 421.8 °C), indicating good thermal stability.