Excerpts

A highly significant and positive correlation was found for PR length estimated by EZ-Rhizo and directly measured by ImageJ software 2 from hand-drawn roots ( Supplementary Figure S1F ).

There was a decreasing trend in the photon counts with an increase in particle size of the samples ( Table 3 ).

Hence, the soil organic carbon and the total nitrogen displayed a decreasing trend with the latitudinal gradients.

The concentrations of leaf N and P showed an increasing trend along the latitudinal gradients, which is a phenomenon that can be explained well by the Temperature-Plant Physiological Hypothesis ( Reich and Oleksyn, 2004 ).

The correlation between the leaf N:P and the different soil layer C, N, P nutrient concentrations was weakly ( P > 0.05), while the different soil layer C, N, P nutrient concentrations and leaf C:N, and C:P stoichiometric characteristics showed a significant or extremely significant positive correlation.

For beech at dry sites the relationship was only marginally significant, however, ΔSWB min was included in 24 of the best 25 models.

The change in the STAR is not obvious with an increase in the branching angle between 12:00 and 13:00; however, if the angle is 15° during this period, then the STAR presents an increasing trend, and the values for the other three angles present the opposite trend.

After the period of flooding, the soil from waterlogging treatments showed a trend of decreasing NH 4 + -N concentrations, but the NO 3 - -N and available P concentrations increased significantly.

DELLA proteins may be significant in these interactions, where at least some ethylene response factors have been shown to interact with DELLA ( Marín-de la Rosa et al., 2014 ).

Strong to moderate positive correlations were found for TSRL and ASRL ( r = 0.59), TSRL and SRN ( r = 0.52), TSRL and RSD ( r = 0.40), whereas a highly significant albeit slightly negative correlation was found between ASRL and SRN ( r = -0.24).

The association test showed a highly significant and consistent peak at chromosome 2A ( Figure 4 and Supplementary Figure S3 ).

In this study, three soybean physiological indexes the shoot P N and root RA and RBSM had all shown a decreasing trend from the R2 to R6 stage in self-grafted parental (Dp), second-generation (Ds) and current (Dc) cultivars ( Figure 2A,B , 3A ), which matched to the theory described above.

A Major QTL for Root Growth Angle Is Located on Chromosome 6A A total of seven highly significant markers for SRA were detected on chromosome 6A [at Bonferroni threshold = –log 10 ( P ) 4.67; Figure 4A ].

We did not expect to find highly significant correlations, as this kind of population presents such imbalanced genotypic frequencies.

Herein, the LD decay distance was estimated to be about 125 kb and displayed a decreasing trend, suggesting that a high amount of recombination occurred among these soybean accessions ( Supplementary Figure S2 ).

The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the analyzed cultivars only in the Ionic site (West coast) with regard to the NFI, while the numbers of perfect flowers resulted highly significant in both environments.

RGB-Derived Features Reflect Disease Symptoms Correlation analysis of RGB-derived phenotypic data obtained from the 351-lentil-single-line collection and 191-lentil-recombinant-inbred-line population revealed highly significant relationships with visual scores.

We even detected that the effect of stolon connection on R/S ratio of apical ramets in low nutrient treatment was only marginally significant, suggesting that the factor most limiting the growth of the connected clonal fragments under low soil nutrient conditions might be soil nutrients but not light or lateral expansion ( You et al., 2016b ).

The difference between the LL treatment and control was highly significant, application of GR24 significantly reduced the H 2 O 2 content to the control level, 26% lower than the LL+H 2 O group.

Our previous study also showed that the overall response of soil DTPA-Zn to the application of Zn fertilizer presented an increasing trend with each successive year ( Liu et al., 2017 ).

Highly significant S, N, and S×N effects were detected in the total N amount in plants at the final stage of harvest ( Table 2A ).

Based on the highly significant GxE interaction showed by some traits, QTLs were determined using the mean values of the three replicates for each environment.

Urea levels showed a trend towards increasing with B. fabae infection ( Table 2 ), seemingly decreasing in the M+B+ root-free compartments ( Table 3 ).

Other seven grain size and weight traits (Gl, Gw, Lwr, Ga, Gp, Gd and Gr) also showed a highly significant correlation with each other.

The results showed that the expression levels of GhWAT1 exhibited an increasing trend over 0–72 h ranges in the treated roots (0 h-treated samples collected from the parallel plants without any treatment as a control) and, specifically, that at 48 h the expression level significantly increased compared with other time points.