Excerpts

(2) Salt stress-specific down-regulated genes (3 genes): MdPSAN , MdPSBR and the light-harvesting protein-encoding gene MdLIL3:1 showed a decreasing trend under NaCl stress, with ≥80.0% downregulation at 24 h vs. 0 h ( Figure 8 ).

For yield components, the number of siliques per plant and number of seeds per silique of rapeseed under each phosphate fertilizer treatment showed a trend of S2 > S1, with that under S2 being 0.29–37.98% and 5.73–22.6% higher than S1, respectively.

There was a highly significant positive correlation between the total 15 N accumulation and root length, root tips, root activity, Glu content (leaves and roots), and solule protein (leaves and roots) (Mental’s r > 0.85, P < 0.01). 4 Discussion 4.1 Melatonin alleviates copper stress inhibition of apple rootstock growth by improving root function As the primary organ for plants to perceive environmental stress, the morphology and activity of roots directly determine the plant’s ability to absorb nutrients and water.

Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 - -N), electrical conductivity (EC), and soil water content (SWC) all exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing grazing intensity.

After long-term or short-term selenite treatment in tea, the expression of glutathione metabolizing genes was differentially regulated ( Ren et al., 2022 ; Cao et al., 2018 ), with a notable trend of downregulation of gene as the duration of treatment increased in this study.

pruinosa leaves under different groundwater depth conditions showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing over time, showing significant seasonal differences ( Figure 3a ).

At 40 cm depth, RL again showed an increasing trend with duration, RD decreased progressively, and RSA and RV increased then decreased.

The LA exhibited an overall trend of first increasing and then decreasing with increasing density.

Most treatment groups exhibited an increasing trend in leaf length and width compared to the control, with the 0.3% urea treatment resulting in the maximum values for both traits.

Overall, the OF 30 and OF 45 treatments indicated a decreasing trend in NH 3 volatilization rates with higher substitution ratios, particularly during the mid-growth stage of maize, where the decrease was more pronounced.

However, after applying N2 or N3 level of urea, the enzyme activities showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of irrigation volume.

Meanwhile, excessive nitrogen application increases the risk of soil degradation, inhibits soil enzyme activities, and leads to a decreasing trend in organic matter content.

The average daily temperature during the 2024 and 2025 growth seasons generally showed an increasing trend followed by a decreasing one.

odorifera typically begins at 6–7 years of age, with heartwood diameter, heartwood area percentage, and heartwood-to-diameter ratio showing a highly significant positive correlation with tree age ( Chen et al., 2016 ).

Effect of FA-contamination on the shoot biomass yield The analysis of variance for the shoot weights of the plants showed a highly significant difference across species, treatments, and their interaction, as shown in Table 3 .

3 Result 3.1 Temporal trends in environmental factors A significant increasing trend in atmospheric CO 2 and a decreasing trend in stable carbon isotopic values of air were observed during 1980–2015.

3.2 Soil NO 3 − –N The soil NO 3 − –N significantly increased after N application and showed a decreasing trend with the N reduction in 0–40-cm soil ( Figure 4 ).

Marker-trait associations exceeding this threshold were considered statistically highly significant.

Specifically, as succession progressed, the LA showed an overall increasing trend, while the LDMC exhibited a decreasing trend.

The LC, LN, LP showed an overall trend of first decreasing and then increasing.

During the growing season (June–October of the current year), climate-response sensitivity showed a decreasing trend with increasing decline severity.

Abundance changes in the core taxa (persistent species) still have indicative significance for overall community stability.

solanacearum did not rebound as expected; instead, it showed a trend of continued suppression.

STS application caused a highly significant increase in tuber amylose content, reaching a mean of approximately 32%, which was substantially higher than all other treatments.

The fungal network metrics in the root zone of Achyranthes bidentata remained stable, whereas significant changes were observed in Panax species: the node number in cultivated soils of Panax species generally showed an increasing trend, while connectivity in Panax notoginseng decreased by 31.1%-58.5%.