Excerpts

We measured a comparable increase (25% compared to Hagan’s 30%), but due to much lower intra-line variation in our data, the calculated p-value (<0.005) was found to be highly significant ( Figure 4A ).

Previous studies have identified highly significant genetic correlations between grain yield and yield components, including kernel number per ear, kernel weight, and volume weight ( Ahmed et al., 1992 ; Zhang et al., 2007 ; Li C.H. et al., 2013 ; Liu et al., 2014 ; Liu C.L. et al., 2016 ; Liu et al., 2015 ).

Dwarf3 showed a trend towards higher epidermal cells compared to its wild type ( Figure 5E ), whereas the UBI::GA20OX-1 line, had lower epidermal cell heights compared to its wild type, particularly in the most distal positions ( Figure 3F , Table 1 ).

In contrast, these have only weakly significant effects on the patterns of sexual systems of herbaceous species.

For the haplotype analysis, at least two haplotypes existed for each of the five genes, and the individual or total Toc with these different haplotypes exhibited significant or highly significant differences ( Figure 6 ).

In contrast, the expression levels of DzARF3 and DzARF6 were significantly suppressed under ethylene but induced under 1-MCP and showed a decreasing trend during ripening.

The expression of these ethylene-induced DzARF s showed an increasing trend during the post-harvest ripening of durian and are speculated to act as transcriptional activators of ripening.

A decreasing trend in glucose content was observed in all the treatments with the advancement of germination.

However, 8 days post-inoculation, all transcripts tested showed a trend of lower levels in the lox3 mutant plants.

This deviation was always more pronounced for G-BLUP than for weighted G-BLUP, with a decreasing trend in slope with increasing steps of weighting.

The CRK release showed a trend of slow, fast, and then slow.

Interestingly, most micronutrients tested (Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu) demonstrated a clear trend of preferential accumulation in the root, with lower transport to- and accumulation in shoot organs ( Figures 5A–D ).

Phenotypic Variation in Common Garden Overall phenotypic differentiation between plants originating from alpine and foothill environment remained highly significant even under two generations of cultivation in a common garden (a subset of 16 populations from four regions; Table 1 , Figures 2E,F ).

Plants tested 24 h after the last COS-OGA elicitation showed a highly significant increase in peroxidase activity (up to 320%) as compared to controls ( Figure 7 ).

The light compensation point (Ic) showed a decreasing trend with the nutrient enrichment, reaching, however, a plateau at NL4 with no significantly different value at NL5.

Additionally, the PNS content in root significantly decreased with the increase of the N/K value both in the field and pot culture experiments, and all the correlations (except in the Qiubei field experiment) reached significant or highly significant levels ( Figures 6C,D ).

Insoluble PA, which exhibited markedly lower levels than soluble PA, showed a trend of continuous decline except for a transient increase from 10 to 15 WAB; it reached its peak level (0.712 mg/g) at 15 WAB and lowest level (0.473 mg/g) at 25 WAB ( Figure 1C ).

In contrast to soil urease and invertase, acid phosphatase activities showed a decreasing trend with increasing N rate.

The available N content showed an increasing trend with increasing N rate, with the exception of the N FT treatment.

The statistical significance was considered at ∗ P < 0.05 for significant and ∗ P < 0.01 for highly significant values.

Surprisingly, we did not find a clear trend in either sucrose synthesis or the tested SUT gene transcript levels.

In this study, several loci on the homologues chromosome 2 revealed highly significant associations to PM resistance.

In EXP 1, carbohydrates concentration in leaves showed a decreasing trend in all treatments and reached significant lower values at day 7 compared to its start level at day 0.

schmidtiana ( F ST = 0.632; Supplementary Table 3 ), while highly significant for all ( P = ∼0.0).

Although overall panicle length was not significantly different between Svfon2.2 mutant plants and WT and only weakly significant between Svfon2.1 and WT ( Figure 4B , Table 1A ), primary branch number per cm (i.e., branch density) was significantly higher in Svfon2 ( Figure 4C , Table 1A ).