After HM exposure, although the overall level of the antioxidant enzyme group showed an increasing trend (4.31%), it did not reach statistical significance ( P > 0.05, n = 198, Figure 2 ).
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The correlation between P concentration and WUE was significantly positive for Chinese silver grass ( Figure 4A ), bahiagrass ( Figure 4B ), radish ( Figure 4D ), and soybean ( Figure 4F ), with highly significant correlations ( P < 0.05).
When the night was rainless, Qn and Rn both showed a decreasing trend, which was similar to the change in VPD, and Qn was greater than Rn ( p <0.05).
Rice plant height showed significant and highly significant relationships with rice shoot dry weight (r = 0.37, p < 0.05) and rice yield (r = 0.44, p < 0.01).
As the soil nitrogen and phosphorus content increases, the LN of planted forests significantly decreases, while the LN of natural forests does not show a significant trend of change ( P > 0.05) ( Supplementary Figure S4 ).
Among these, four modules (MEyellow, MEviolet, MEsienna3, MElightcyan) showed a highly significant correlation with the markedly enhanced ammonium nitrogen absorption in hybrids (|r| > 0.7, P < 0.05) and were recognized as key modules for subsequent analyzes.
During the dry and rainy season, except for the insignificant correlation between soluble sugar and starch content in the leaves of the Fraxinus malacophylla Hemsl ( P >0.05), there was a highly significant positive correlation between soluble sugar and starch in the roots and stems ( P <0.05).
The GQI under BS75+C reached 0.669, which was higher than that of the other treatments, and showed a highly significant positive correlation with tomato yield ( P < 0.05).
In contrast, vein density, leaf thickness, and stomatal density showed a decreasing trend, and the north slope exhibited a substantial reduction of 17.15%, 9.61%, and 9.94% in comparison to the south slope (P< 0.05; Figures 1A, C, F ).
As the ensiling time progressed, the WSC content exhibited a decreasing trend in all groups ( P < 0.05).
Differently, SV didn’t exhibit a clear trend with the increased altitude ( P >0.05, Figure 2C ).
Duration and Rate of Xylem Growth For all sites, correlations between the observed and predicted tree-ring width indices were positive and highly significant (SIM and MIS: P < 0.05, N = 15; BER, DAN: P < 0.01, N = 15; MIR: P < 0.01, N = 5) and R -values ranged from 0.54 to 0.90 ( Supplementary Figure S1 ).
C N D V I S L O P E = ε 1 d E F P R d t + ε 2 d A C T E d t H N D V I S L O P E = R E S 4 Results 4.1 Spatial–temporal variation of annual NDVI 4.1.1 Inter-annual variations of NDVI Figure 3a shows the inter-annual variability of NDVI over the YRB, presenting an increasing trend for the period from 2001 to 2020 ( slope = 0.056 per decade, p < 0.05).
A highly significant positive correlation of AMY activity was observed with PE and PG activities ( P < 0.05) and between BMY and PG activities in chitosan-treated fruits ( P < 0.01).
For chlorophyll concentration, genotype and genotype × temperature interaction effects were highly significant (p<0.05) ( Table S2 ).
In particular, summer T min exhibited an increasing trend (0.087°C/a, P < 0.05).
Mean performance and variation for phenotypic traits The pooled ANOVA revealed highly significant (p< 0.05) differences among genotypes for all growth and yield traits except internodal length, which was non-significant ( Table 1 ).
NPQt was also reduced in treated plants at all but one interval, with significant reductions at 61 (W = 1312, p = 8.569e-07), 70 (W = 1088, p = 0.003), and 77 (W = 854, p = 0.003) DAG and a nearly significant reduction at 56 DAG (W = 792, p = 0.05) ( Figure 4d ).
The test statistic Z c was calculated as follows: (3) Z c = { s - 1 v a r ( s ) , s > 0 0 , s = 0 s + 1 v a r ( s ) , s < 0 In this equation, | Z c | ≥ 1.96 and | Z c | ≥ 2.58 indicated that the sample sequence had a significant trend change at p < 0.05 and 0.01, respectively, Z c > 0 indicated a rising trend and Z c < 0 indicated a declining trend ( Ling et al., 2014 ).
natans increased significantly ( p < 0.05, Sen’s slope >0) during the 18 months, except for a decreasing trend of M. spicatum in N5 ( p < 0.05, Sen’s slope <0) ( Figures 3A,B and Supplementary Table 2 ).
Under HN conditions, N accumulation in common vetch leaves and stems showed an increasing trend as the proportion of common vetch decreased in the mixture ( p < 0.05), while under LN conditions the changes were not significant ( p > 0.05).
With the increase of soil moisture, the ABA content showed a significant trend of an initial decrease followed by an increase ( P< 0.05), and was lowest under 25% field capacity ( Figure 6A ).
SEA of the 174 SNP-associated gene models that had GO term assignments, revealed the enrichment of several GO categories (p < 0.05, Table 3 ), with two highly significant (Hochberg adjusted p < 0.05) and one trending toward enrichment (adj. p = 0.061) cellular process categories: defence response to fungus (GO:0050832), response to fungus (GO:0009620) and defence response (GO:0006952), respectively.
Notably, the Theta-class GSTs showed distinct survival-related patterns: GSTT1d exhibited significantly higher expression in ‘GW’ at multiple stages, particularly reaching a highly significant level at the terminal stage ( P <0.05), while GSTT1c displayed a unique late-phase surge specifically at 30 d.
The correlation analysis reveals a highly significant positive correlation ( r = 0.99, p < 0.05) between Cd concentration in the soil and C. procera shoot.